Docker Alpine:加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错
我正在使用 MariaDB 构建基于 Alpine 的 Django 应用程序的映像，但我不知道应该添加哪个依赖项我的 Dockerfile 以便我的应用程序可以正确连接到数据库.
I am building an Alpine based image of a Django application with MariaDB and I can't figure out which dependency I should add to my Dockerfile so that my app could properly connect to the DB.
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?
好吧，我以为我做到了.从我读到的在本文中，这个讨论，mariadb-dev 在Alpine 相当于基于 Debian 的系统中的 default-libmysqlclient-dev.此外，Alpine 中的 mysql-client 包 只是一个虚拟的包(包含 mariadb-dev、mariadb-client 等).这是Dockerfile:
Well, I thought I did. From what I read in this article, in this discussion, mariadb-dev is in Alpine the equivalent of default-libmysqlclient-dev in Debian based system. Furthermore, the mysql-client package in Alpine is merely a dummy package (containing mariadb-dev, mariadb-client, etc etc). Here is the Dockerfile:
# pull official base image
FROM python:3.7-alpine
# set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
# set work directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/cms
# install mysqlclient
RUN apk update
&& apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev
&& apk add --no-cache mariadb-dev
&& apk del build-deps
# install dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install pipenv
COPY ./Pipfile /usr/src/cms/Pipfile
RUN pipenv install --skip-lock --system --dev
# copy entrypoint.sh
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /usr/src/cms/entrypoint.sh
# copy project
COPY . /usr/src/cms/
# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/cms/entrypoint.sh"]
我尝试添加 mariadb-client，以使用 mysql-client 代替.我还尝试添加 RUN pip install django-mysql.似乎什么都没有改变.我成功地构建了 Postgres Django 应用程序，没有任何问题，但是，当谈到 MySQl 与 MariaDB//Debian 与 Alpine 时，我感到困惑.有什么见解吗?
I tried to add mariadb-client, to use mysql-client instead.
I also tried to add RUN pip install django-mysql. Nothing seems to change. I successfully build Postgres Django apps without any problem but, when it comes to MySQl vs MariaDB // Debian vs Alpine, I feel confused. Any insight?
推荐答案
您似乎缺少 MySQLdb Python 模块，您应该为该模块安装 mysqlclient Python包:pip install mysqlclient.
It seems you're missing the MySQLdb Python module, for which you should install the mysqlclient Python package: pip install mysqlclient.
在 Alpine 上，pip 将从源代码构建 mysqlclient，因此您需要 gcc 和 musl-dev 用于此设置步骤，因此你需要将 apk del build-deps 推迟到 Python 模块安装之后.
On Alpine, pip will build mysqlclient from source, so you'll need gcc and musl-dev for this setup step, hence you'll need to postpone apk del build-deps to after Python modules are installed.
固定的 Dockerfile 片段:
Fixed Dockerfile snippet:
RUN apk update
&& apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev
&& apk add --no-cache mariadb-dev
...
RUN pip install mysqlclient
RUN apk del build-deps
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