子类化 Tkinter.Text 以创建自定义小部件

2022-01-18 00:00:00 python class tkinter inheritance widget

问题描述

我正在尝试创建一个带有垂直滚动条的文本小部件，同时保留 Tkinter.Text 中的所有方法/功能.

I am trying to create a text widget with a vertical scrollbar, while retaining all the methods / functions from Tkinter.Text.

到目前为止，我有以下代码:

So far I have the following code:

class ScrollableTextWidget(Tkinter.Text):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.parent = parent
        self.Frame = ttk.Frame(self.parent)
        Tkinter.Text.__init__(self, self.Frame, width=1, height=1)
        self.__initWidget()

    def __initWidget(self):
        self.Frame.grid(sticky="NSEW")
        self.ScrollbarY = ttk.Scrollbar(self.Frame, orient="vertical", 
                                        command=self.yview)
        self.configure(yscrollcommand=self.ScrollbarY.set)
        self.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky="NSEW")
        self.ScrollbarY.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky="NS")
        self.Frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.Frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

可以像这样创建我的自定义小部件，还是应该将它放在 Tkinter.frame 中并编写自己的方法?

Is it OK to create my custom widget like this or should I rather put it in a Tkinter.frame and write my own methods?

解决方案

将小部件子类化以创建自定义小部件是很正常的.但是，如果这个自定义小部件由多个小部件组成，您通常会继承 Frame.例如，要创建一个带有滚动条的文本小部件，我会这样做:

It's very normal to subclass a widget to create a custom one. However, if this custom widget is made up of more than one widget, you would normally subclass Frame. For example, to create a widget that is a text widget with a scrollbar I would do something like this:

import Tkinter as tk

class ScrolledText(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.text = tk.Text(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient="vertical", command=self.text.yview)
        self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set)
        self.vsb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
        self.text.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

class Example(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.scrolled_text = ScrolledText(self)
        self.scrolled_text.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        with open(__file__, "r") as f:
            self.scrolled_text.text.insert("1.0", f.read())

root = tk.Tk()
Example(root).pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.mainloop()

使用这种方法，请注意在插入文本时需要如何引用内部文本小部件.如果您希望这个小部件看起来更像一个真正的文本小部件，您可以创建到部分或全部文本小部件功能的映射.例如:

With this approach, notice how you need to reference the inner text widget when inserting text. If you want this widget to look more like a real text widget, you can create a mapping to some or all of the text widget functions. For example:

import Tkinter as tk

class ScrolledText(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.text = tk.Text(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient="vertical", command=self.text.yview)
        self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set)
        self.vsb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
        self.text.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

        # expose some text methods as methods on this object
        self.insert = self.text.insert
        self.delete = self.text.delete
        self.mark_set = self.text.mark_set
        self.get = self.text.get
        self.index = self.text.index
        self.search = self.text.search

class Example(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.scrolled_text = ScrolledText(self)
        self.scrolled_text.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        with open(__file__, "r") as f:
            self.scrolled_text.insert("1.0", f.read())

root = tk.Tk()
Example(root).pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.mainloop()

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