使子进程 find git 在 Windows 上可执行

2022-01-18 00:00:00 python path windows subprocess git

问题描述

import subprocess

proc = subprocess.Popen('git status')
print 'result: ', proc.communicate()

我的系统路径中有 git，但是当我像这样运行子进程时，我得到:
WindowsError: [错误2]系统找不到指定的文件

I have git in my system path, but when I run subprocess like this I get:
WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified

如何让子进程在系统路径中找到 git?

How can I get subprocess to find git in the system path?

Windows XP 上的 Python 2.6.

Python 2.6 on Windows XP.

解决方案

这里看到的问题是 Windows API 函数 CreateProcess，由子进程在底层使用，不会自动解析除 .exe.在 Windows 上，'git' 命令实际上是作为 git.cmd 安装的.因此，您应该修改您的示例以显式调用 git.cmd:

The problem you see here is that the Windows API function CreateProcess, used by subprocess under the hood, doesn't auto-resolve other executable extensions than .exe. On Windows, the 'git' command is really installed as git.cmd. Therefore, you should modify your example to explicitly invoke git.cmd:

import subprocess

proc = subprocess.Popen('git.cmd status')
print 'result: ', proc.communicate()

git 在 shell==True 时起作用的原因是 Windows shell 自动将 git 解析为 git.cmd.

The reason git works when shell==True is that the Windows shell auto-resolves git to git.cmd.

import subprocess
import os.path

def resolve_path(executable):
    if os.path.sep in executable:
        raise ValueError("Invalid filename: %s" % executable)

    path = os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
    # PATHEXT tells us which extensions an executable may have
    path_exts = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", ".exe;.bat;.cmd").split(";")
    has_ext = os.path.splitext(executable)[1] in path_exts
    if not has_ext:
        exts = path_exts
    else:
        # Don't try to append any extensions
        exts = [""]

    for d in path:
        try:
            for ext in exts:
                exepath = os.path.join(d, executable + ext)
                if os.access(exepath, os.X_OK):
                    return exepath
        except OSError:
            pass

    return None

git = resolve_path("git")
proc = subprocess.Popen('{0} status'.format(git))
print 'result: ', proc.communicate()

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