C++中的函数指针语法
我只是在学习C++中的函数指针。下面的示例都编译并返回预期的结果,但我被告知示例3是可行的。为什么其他示例仍然有效?
还有一件事看起来很奇怪,与上面的例子相比,f,g,h,i
并不是所有的例子都有效。与示例1-8相比,它们为什么不起作用?
int executeOperator1(int a, int b, int f(int,int)){
return f(a,b);
}
int executeOperator2(int a, int b, int f(int,int)){
return (*f)(a,b);
}
int executeOperator3(int a, int b, int (*f)(int,int)){
return f(a,b);
}
int executeOperator4(int a, int b, int (*f)(int,int)){
return (*f)(a,b);
}
int op(int x, int y){
return x+y;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int a = 2, b=3;
//the following 8 examples compile nicely:
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator1(a,b,op) <<endl; //1
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator2(a,b,op) <<endl; //2
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator3(a,b,op) <<endl; //3
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator4(a,b,op) <<endl; //4
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator1(a,b,&op) <<endl; //5
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator2(a,b,&op) <<endl; //6
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator3(a,b,&op) <<endl; //7
cout << "a=" << a << " b=" << b << " res=" << executeOperator4(a,b,&op) <<endl; //8
//int f(int,int) = op; //does not compile
int (*g)(int,int) = op; //does compile
//int h(int,int) = &op; //does not compile
int (*i)(int,int) = &op;//does compile
return 0;
}
解决方案
函数与数组一样,在作为参数传递给函数时会衰变为指针。例如:接受两个int
参数并返回int
的函数的类型为int (*) (int, int)
。
但您也可以将函数作为引用传递,在这种情况下,您的类型将为int (&) (int, int)
。
要声明上述函数指针类型的值,只需编写:
typedef int (*FuncType) (int, int);
FuncType myFunc = op;
// OR
FuncType myFunc = &op;
通常首选第二种方式,因为它更清楚,但大多数编译器允许用户取消第一种样式。
建议访问以下链接: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/pointer#Pointers_to_functions
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