测量移植到嵌入式平台的 C++ 的静态内存使用情况

I have created a small program as a proof-of-concept for a system which are to be implemented on an embedded platform. The program is written in C++11 with use of std and compiled to run on a laptop. The final program which should be implemented later is an embedded system. We do not have access to the compiler of the embedded platform.

I would like to know if there is a way to determine a programs static memory (the size of the compiled binaries) in a sensible and comparable way when it should be ported to an embedded platform. The requirement is that the size of the binary is less than 10kb. Our binary has a size of 700Kb when compiled and stripped with the following flags:

g++ options:     -Os -s -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
linker options:  -s -Wl,--gc-sections

strip libmodel.a -s -R .comment -R .gnu.version --strip-unneeded -R .note

It took up 4MB before we used strip and optimization options.

I am still way off and it is not really that big a program. How can I justify a comparison in any way with an equivalent program on an embedded platform.

解决方案

Note that the size of the binary can be a little deceptive in the sense that uninitialised variables, the .bss sections, will not necessarily take up physical space in the binary as these are generally just noted as present without actually have any space given to them... this normally happens by the OS loader when it runs your program.

objdump (http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/) or perhaps elfdump or the elf tool chain (http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/elftoolchain/) will help you determine the size of your various segments, data and text, as well as the size of individual functions and globals etc. All these programs "look" into your compiled binary and extract a lot of information such as the size of the .text, .data section, list the various symbols, their locations and sizes, and can even dissasemble the .text section...

An example of using elfdump on an ELF image test.elf might be elfdump -z test.elf > output.txt. This will dump everything including text section dissassembly. For example, from an elfdump on my system I saw

Section #6: .text, type=NOBITS, addr=0x500, off=0x5f168
             size=149404(0x2479c), link=0, info=0, align=16, entsize=1
             flags=<WRITE,ALLOC,EXECINSTR>
Section #7: .text, type=NOBITS, addr=0x24c9c, off=0x5f168
             size=362822(0x58946), link=0, info=0, align=4, entsize=1
             flags=<WRITE,ALLOC,EXECINSTR,INCLUDE>
....
Section #9: .rodata, type=NOBITS, addr=0x7d5e4, off=0x5f168
             size=7670(0x1df6), link=0, info=0, align=4, entsize=1
         flags=<WRITE,ALLOC>

So I can see how much my code is taking up (the .text sections) and my read only data. Later in the file I then see...

Symbol table ".symtab"
         Value    Size     Bind Type Section                  Name
         -----    ----     ---- ---- -------                  ----
218      0x7c090  130      LOC  FUNC .text               IRemovedThisName

So I can see that my function IRemovedThisName takes 130 bytes. A quick script would allow you list functions sorted by size and variables sorted by size. This could point you at places to optimize...

For a good example of objdump try http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/09/objdump-examples/, specifically the section 3, which shows you how to get the contents of the section headers using the -h option.

As to how the program will compare on two different platforms I think you will just have to compile on both platforms and compare the results you get from your obj/elfdump on each system - the results will depend on the system instruction set, how well each compiler can optimize, general hardware architecture differences etc.

If you don't have access to the embedded system, you might try using a cross-compiler, configured for your eventual target, on your laptop. This would give you a binary suited to the embedded platform and the tools to analyze the file (i.e. the cross-platform version of objdump). This would give you some ball-park figures for how the program would look on the eventual embedded sys.

Hope this helps.

EDIT: This will also help How to get the size of a C function from inside a C program or with inline assembly?