不使用动态内存分配的 Pimpl 习惯用法

we want to use pimpl idiom for certain parts of our project. These parts of the project also happen to be parts where dynamic memory allocation is forbidden and this decision is not in our control.

So what i am asking is, is there a clean and nice way of implementing pimpl idiom without dynamic memory allocation?

Edit
Here are some other limitations: Embedded platform, Standard C++98, no external libraries, no templates.

解决方案

Warning: the code here only showcases the storage aspect, it is a skeleton, no dynamic aspect (construction, copy, move, destruction) has been taken into account.

I would suggest an approach using the C++0x new class aligned_storage, which is precisely meant for having raw storage.

// header
class Foo
{
public:
private:
  struct Impl;

  Impl& impl() { return reinterpret_cast<Impl&>(_storage); }
  Impl const& impl() const { return reinterpret_cast<Impl const&>(_storage); }

  static const size_t StorageSize = XXX;
  static const size_t StorageAlign = YYY;

  std::aligned_storage<StorageSize, StorageAlign>::type _storage;
};

In the source, you then implement a check:

struct Foo::Impl { ... };

Foo::Foo()
{
  // 10% tolerance margin
  static_assert(sizeof(Impl) <= StorageSize && StorageSize <= sizeof(Impl) * 1.1,
                "Foo::StorageSize need be changed");
  static_assert(StorageAlign == alignof(Impl),
                "Foo::StorageAlign need be changed");
  /// anything
}

This way, while you'll have to change the alignment immediately (if necessary) the size will only change if the object changes too much.

And obviously, since the check is at compilation time, you just cannot miss it :)

If you do not have access to C++0x features, there are equivalents in the TR1 namespace for aligned_storage and alignof and there are macros implementations of static_assert.