为什么列表初始化(使用花括号)比其他方法更好?
MyClass a1 {a}; // clearer and less error-prone than the other three
MyClass a2 = {a};
MyClass a3 = a;
MyClass a4(a);
为什么?
推荐答案
基本上是从 Bjarne Stroustrup 的 The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition"中复制和粘贴:
Basically copying and pasting from Bjarne Stroustrup's "The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition":
列表初始化不允许缩小 (§iso.8.5.4).那就是:
List initialization does not allow narrowing (§iso.8.5.4). That is:
- 一个整数不能转换为另一个不能保存其值的整数.例如，字符允许转换为 int，但不允许转换为 char.
- 无法将浮点值转换为另一种无法保存其的浮点类型价值.例如，允许双精度浮点数，但不允许双精度浮点数.
- 浮点值不能转换为整数类型.
- 整数值不能转换为浮点类型.
例子:
void fun(double val, int val2) {
int x2 = val; // if val == 7.9, x2 becomes 7 (bad)
char c2 = val2; // if val2 == 1025, c2 becomes 1 (bad)
int x3 {val}; // error: possible truncation (good)
char c3 {val2}; // error: possible narrowing (good)
char c4 {24}; // OK: 24 can be represented exactly as a char (good)
char c5 {264}; // error (assuming 8-bit chars): 264 cannot be
// represented as a char (good)
int x4 {2.0}; // error: no double to int value conversion (good)
}
only = 优先于 {} 的情况是使用 auto 关键字来获取由初始化程序确定的类型.
The only situation where = is preferred over {} is when using auto keyword to get the type determined by the initializer.
例子:
auto z1 {99}; // z1 is an int
auto z2 = {99}; // z2 is std::initializer_list<int>
auto z3 = 99; // z3 is an int
结论
除非您有充分的理由不这样做，否则更喜欢 {} 初始化.
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