理解术语和概念的含义 - RAII (Resource Acquisition is Initialization)

Let us start with an overly simplistic FileHandle class employing RAII:

class FileHandle
{
    FILE* file;

public:

    explicit FileHandle(const char* name)
    {
        file = fopen(name);
        if (!file)
        {
            throw "MAYDAY! MAYDAY";
        }
    }

    ~FileHandle()
    {
        // The only reason we are checking the file pointer for validity
        // is because it might have been moved (see below).
        // It is NOT needed to check against a failed constructor,
        // because the destructor is NEVER executed when the constructor fails!
        if (file)
        {
            fclose(file);
        }
    }

    // The following technicalities can be skipped on the first read.
    // They are not crucial to understanding the basic idea of RAII.
    // However, if you plan to implement your own RAII classes,
    // it is absolutely essential that you read on :)



    // It does not make sense to copy a file handle,
    // hence we disallow the otherwise implicitly generated copy operations.

    FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
    FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;



    // The following operations enable transfer of ownership
    // and require compiler support for rvalue references, a C++0x feature.
    // Essentially, a resource is "moved" from one object to another.

    FileHandle(FileHandle&& that)
    {
        file = that.file;
        that.file = 0;
    }

    FileHandle& operator=(FileHandle&& that)
    {
        file = that.file;
        that.file = 0;
        return *this;
    }
}

如果构造失败(有例外)，则不会调用其他成员函数 - 甚至是析构函数 - 都不会被调用.

void CopyFileData(FileHandle source, FileHandle dest);

void Foo()
{
    CopyFileData(FileHandle("C:\source"), FileHandle("C:\dest"));
}

class Logger
{
    FileHandle original, duplex;   // this logger can write to two files at once!

public:

    Logger(const char* filename1, const char* filename2)
    : original(filename1), duplex(filename2)
    {
        if (!filewrite_duplex(original, duplex, "New Session"))
            throw "Ugh damn!";
    }
}