如何转发声明位于命名空间中的类
我正在尝试在头文件中使用前向声明来减少使用的 #include
的数量,从而减少用户包含我的头文件时的依赖关系.
I am trying to use forward declarations in header files to reduce the number of #include
used and hence reduce dependencies when users include my header file.
但是,我无法转发声明使用命名空间的位置.请参见下面的示例.
However, I am unable to forward declare where namespaces are used. See example below.
文件a.hpp
:
#ifndef __A_HPP__
#define __A_HPP__
namespace ns1 {
class a {
public:
a(const char* const msg);
void talk() const;
private:
const char* const msg_;
};
}
#endif //__A_HPP__
文件a.cpp
:
#include <iostream>
#include "a.hpp"
using namespace ns1;
a::a(const char* const msg) : msg_(msg) {}
void a::talk() const {
std::cout << msg_ << std::endl;
}
文件consumer.hpp
:
#ifndef __CONSUMER_HPP__
#define __CONSUMER_HPP__
// How can I forward declare a class which uses a namespace
//doing this below results in error C2653: 'ns1' : is not a class or namespace name
// Works with no namespace or if I use using namespace ns1 in header file
// but I am trying to reduce any dependencies in this header file
class ns1::a;
class consumer
{
public:
consumer(const char* const text) : a_(text) {}
void chat() const;
private:
a& a_;
};
#endif // __CONSUMER_HPP__
实现文件consumer.cpp
:
#include "consumer.hpp"
#include "a.hpp"
consumer::consumer(const char* const text) : a_(text) {}
void consumer::chat() const {
a_.talk();
}
测试文件main.cpp
:
#include "consumer.hpp"
int main() {
consumer c("My message");
c.chat();
return 0;
}
更新:
这是我非常人为的工作代码,使用下面的答案.
Here is my very contrived working code using the answer below.
文件a.hpp
:
#ifndef A_HPP__
#define A_HPP__
#include <string>
namespace ns1 {
class a {
public:
void set_message(const std::string& msg);
void talk() const;
private:
std::string msg_;
};
} //namespace
#endif //A_HPP__
文件a.cpp
:
#include <iostream>
#include "a.hpp"
void ns1::a::set_message(const std::string& msg) {
msg_ = msg;
}
void ns1::a::talk() const {
std::cout << msg_ << std::endl;
}
文件consumer.hpp
:
#ifndef CONSUMER_HPP__
#define CONSUMER_HPP__
namespace ns1
{
class a;
}
class consumer
{
public:
consumer(const char* text);
~consumer();
void chat() const;
private:
ns1::a* a_;
};
#endif // CONSUMER_HPP__
文件consumer.cpp
:
#include "a.hpp"
#include "consumer.hpp"
consumer::consumer(const char* text) {
a_ = new ns1::a;
a_->set_message(text);
}
consumer::~consumer() {
delete a_;
}
void consumer::chat() const {
a_->talk();
}
文件main.cpp
:
#include "consumer.hpp"
int main() {
consumer c("My message");
c.chat();
return 0;
}
推荐答案
在命名空间ns1
中转发声明类类型a
:
To forward declare class type a
in a namespace ns1
:
namespace ns1
{
class a;
}
在多级命名空间中转发声明一个类型:
To forward declare a type in multiple level of namespaces:
namespace ns1
{
namespace ns2
{
//....
namespace nsN
{
class a;
}
//....
}
}
您正在使用 a
consumer
的成员,这意味着它需要具体类型,您的前向声明不适用于这种情况.
Your are using a
a member of consumer
which means it needs concrete type, your forward declaration won't work for this case.
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