如何打印(使用 cout)二进制形式的数字?
我正在学习关于操作系统的大学课程，我们正在学习如何从二进制转换为十六进制、从十进制转换为十六进制等.今天我们刚刚学习了如何使用二进制补码将有符号/无符号数字存储在内存中(~数字 + 1).
I'm following a college course about operating systems and we're learning how to convert from binary to hexadecimal, decimal to hexadecimal, etc. and today we just learned how signed/unsigned numbers are stored in memory using the two's complement (~number + 1).
我们需要在纸上做一些练习，我希望能够在将作业提交给老师之前验证我的答案.我为前几个练习编写了一个 C++ 程序，但现在我不知道如何用以下问题验证我的答案:
We have a couple of exercises to do on paper and I would like to be able to verify my answers before submitting my work to the teacher. I wrote a C++ program for the first few exercises but now I'm stuck as to how I could verify my answer with the following problem:
char a, b;
short c;
a = -58;
c = -315;
b = a >> 3;
我们需要显示a、b和c的二进制表示在内存中.
and we need to show the binary representation in memory of a, b and c.
我已经在纸上完成了它，它给了我以下结果(内存中所有二进制表示形式的数字在二进制补码之后):
I've done it on paper and it gives me the following results (all the binary representations in memory of the numbers after the two's complement):
a = 00111010(它是一个字符，所以 1 个字节)
a = 00111010 (it's a char, so 1 byte)
b = 00001000(它是一个字符，所以 1 个字节)
b = 00001000 (it's a char, so 1 byte)
c = 11111110 11000101(很短，所以2个字节)
c = 11111110 11000101 (it's a short, so 2 bytes)
有没有办法验证我的答案?C++ 中是否有标准方法来显示数字内存中的二进制表示，还是我必须自己编写每个步骤(计算二进制补码然后转换为二进制)?我知道后者不会花这么长时间，但我很好奇是否有标准的方法来做到这一点.
Is there a way to verify my answer? Is there a standard way in C++ to show the binary representation in memory of a number, or do I have to code each step myself (calculate the two's complement and then convert to binary)? I know the latter wouldn't take so long but I'm curious as to if there is a standard way to do so.
推荐答案
最简单的方法可能是创建一个 std::bitset 表示该值，然后将其流式传输到 cout.
The easiest way is probably to create an std::bitset representing the value, then stream that to cout.
#include <bitset>
...
char a = -58;
std::bitset<8> x(a);
std::cout << x << '
';
short c = -315;
std::bitset<16> y(c);
std::cout << y << '
';
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