Python 使用“quoted-printable"发送电子邮件传输编码和“utf-8"内容编码
问题描述
python 的 email.mime 倾向于使用编码 base64 或 7bit 和 us-ascii.我想使用 quoted-printable 和 utf-8 因为这样更便于人类阅读和调试.
python's email.mime tends to use encoding base64 or 7bit and us-ascii. I would like to use quoted-printable and utf-8 as this is easier for humans to read and debug.
目前，我的电子邮件看起来像
Currently, my emails look like
--===============6135350048414329636==
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
IyEvYmluL2Jhc2gKCmZvciBpIGluIHs4Mjg4Li44N
或
--===============0756888342500148236==
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
happy face =E2=98=BA
我希望原始电子邮件采用带引号的可打印 unicode 格式，以便人们阅读.
I would like the raw email to be in quoted-printable unicode so it is easier for humans to read.
--===============5610730199728027971==
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
happy face ☺
解决方案
简答
设置内容传输编码
创建 MIMEText 对象时，将附加到 MIMEMultipart 对象，将 content-transfer-encoding 设置为值 quoted-printable 首先，然后执行 set_payload.操作顺序很重要.
short answer
set content-transfer-encoding
When creating the MIMEText object, which will be attached to the MIMEMultipart object, set the content-transfer-encoding to value quoted-printable first, then do set_payload. The order of operations matters.
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# first create MIMEText, then set content-transfer-encoding, then set payload
mt = MIMEText(None, _subtype='plain')
mt.replace_header('content-transfer-encoding', 'quoted-printable')
mt.set_payload(u'happy face ☺', 'utf-8')
# create the parent email object and the MIMEMultipart extension to it
email = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
inline = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
# assemble the objects
inline.attach(mt)
email.attach(inline)
设置电子邮件charset和各种编码
cs = charset.Charset('utf-8')
cs.header_encoding = charset.QP
cs.body_encoding = charset.QP
email.set_charset(cs)
结果
这会创建人类可读的原始电子邮件(base64 编码的文件附件除外)
Result
This creates a raw email that is human readable (except the base64 encoded file attachment)
>>> print(email)
--===============5610730199728027971==
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
happy face ☺
--===============5610730199728027971==--
--===============0985725891393820576==
Content-Type: text/x-sh
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="test.sh"
Zm9vYmFyc2RmYXNkZmtqaGFzZGZrbGhhc2ZrbGpoYXNma2xqaGFzZmtsaGZkYXNmCg==
--===============0985725891393820576==--
长答案
以下是一个较长的脚本，用于为之前的代码片段提供更多上下文.
long answer
The following is a longer script to provide more context for the prior code snippets.
此脚本将发送一个以 UTF-8 编码的 text/plain 部分.为了好玩，它还会附加一个文件.这产生的原始电子邮件将是人类可读的(文件附件除外).
This script will send a text/plain section encoded in UTF-8. For fun, it will also attach a file.
The raw email this produces will be human readable (except for the file attachment).
from __future__ import print_function
from email import charset
from email.encoders import encode_base64
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import mimetypes
# create the parent email object
email = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
# set email charset and email encodings
cs_ = charset.Charset('utf-8')
cs_.header_encoding = charset.QP
cs_.body_encoding = charset.QP
email.set_charset(cs_)
# create the 'text/plain' MIMEText
# first create MIMEText, then set content-transfer-encoding, then set payload
mt = MIMEText(None, _subtype='plain')
mt.replace_header('content-transfer-encoding', 'quoted-printable')
mt.set_payload(u'happy face ☺', 'utf-8')
# assemble the parts
inline = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
inline.attach(mt)
email.attach(inline)
# for fun, attach a file to the email
my_file = '/tmp/test.sh'
mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(my_file)
mimetype = mimetype or 'application/octet-stream'
mimetype = mimetype.split('/', 1)
attachment = MIMEBase(mimetype[0], mimetype[1])
attachment.set_payload(open(my_file, 'rb').read())
encode_base64(attachment)
attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=os.path.basename(my_file))
email.attach(attachment)
结果
这会创建人类可读的原始电子邮件(base64 编码的文件附件除外)
Result
This creates a raw email that is human readable (except the base64 encoded file attachment)
>>> print(email)
--===============5610730199728027971==
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
happy face ☺
--===============5610730199728027971==--
--===============0985725891393820576==
Content-Type: text/x-sh
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="test.sh"
Zm9vYmFyc2RmYXNkZmtqaGFzZGZrbGhhc2ZrbGpoYXNma2xqaGFzZmtsaGZkYXNmCg==
--===============0985725891393820576==--
(奖励)发送电子邮件
使用smtplib，就可以email了.
(bonus) send the email
Using smtplib, the email can be emailed.
import smtplib
# set email address headers
email['From'] = 'me@email.com'
email['To'] = 'you@email.com'
email['Subject'] = 'hello'
# send the email
smtp_srv = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
smtp_srv.set_debuglevel(True)
print(mesg_html, end='
')
print(email.as_string(), end='
')
smtp_srv.sendmail('me@email.com', 'you@email.com', email.as_string())
smtp_srv.quit()
相关文章