为什么在C++中通过空指针调用成员函数时程序不会崩溃?

2022-01-06 00:00:00 null c++ member-functions

#include "iostream"
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
    void mprint()
    {
        cout<<"
 TESTING NULL POINTER";
    }
};

int main()
{
    A *a = NULL;
    a->mprint();
    return 0;
}

我得到的输出是TESTING NULL POINTER".任何人都可以解释为什么这个程序打印输出而不是崩溃.我在 Dev C++ 和 aCC 编译器上检查过都给出了相同的结果.

I am getting output as "TESTING NULL POINTER". Can anyone please explain why this program is printing the output instead of crashing. I checked it on Dev C++ and aCC compiler both gave same result.

推荐答案

您没有使用 A 的任何成员变量 - 该函数完全独立于 A实例，因此生成的代码碰巧不包含取消引用 0 的任何内容.这仍然是未定义行为 - 它可能恰好在某些编译器上工作.未定义的行为意味着任何事情都可能发生"――包括程序碰巧按照程序员的预期工作.

You're not using any member variables of A - the function is completely independent of the A instance, and therefore the generated code happens to not contain anything that dereferences 0. This is still undefined behavior - it just may happen to work on some compilers. Undefined behavior means "anything can happen" - including that the program happens to work as the programmer expected.

如果你例如使 mprint 成为虚拟的，您可能会崩溃 - 或者如果编译器发现它并不真正需要 vtable，您可能不会崩溃.

If you e.g. make mprint virtual you may get a crash - or you may not get one if the compiler sees that it doesn't really need a vtable.

如果你给 A 添加一个成员变量并打印出来，你会崩溃.

If you add a member variable to A and print this, you will get a crash.

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