解析文本以制作树数据结构

2022-01-05 00:00:00 data-structures parsing tree c++

假设我正在从文件中读取一行:

Let's say I'm reading a line from a file:

{Parent{{ChildA}{ChildB}}}

更复杂的例子:

{Parent{{ChildA{ChildC}{ChildD}}{ChildB{ChildE}{ChildF}}}}

用于构造树的语法是什么.

Which is the grammar used to construct a tree.

{} 括号内的任何名称都是一个节点，如果在该括号内还有其他节点(括号)，则这些节点是子节点.

Any name inside {} brackets is a node, and if within that bracket there are other nodes (brackets), those nodes are children.

我能够使用计数器解析第一个特定示例，但只能找到节点的文本名称.我如何解析它以便我可以确定哪些节点是彼此的子节点?我似乎无法理解我将使用的代码.我有一种感觉，我会使用递归.

I'm able to parse the first specific example using a counter, but only to find the text names of the nodes. How can I parse this so that I can determine what nodes are children of one another? I can't seem to wrap my mind around the code I would use. I have a feeling I would use recursion.

任何帮助或建议将不胜感激.

Any help or advice would be appreciated.

C++ 是首选.

非常感谢.

推荐答案

如果是家庭作业，你无论如何都无法使用的答案破坏了乐趣:

Spoiling the fun with an answer you can't use anyway if it's homework:

Boost Spirit Qi 的最小实现:

A minimal implementation with Boost Spirit Qi:

#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;

typedef boost::make_recursive_variant<
    std::vector<boost::recursive_variant_>, 
    std::string>::type ast_t;

void dump(const ast_t&);

// adhoc parser rule:
static const qi::rule<std::string::iterator, ast_t()> node = 
    '{' >> *node >> '}' | +~qi::char_("{}");

int main()
{
     std::string input = "{Parent{{ChildA{ChildC}{ChildD}}{ChildB{ChildE}{ChildF}}}}";
     std::string::iterator f(input.begin()), l(input.end());

     ast_t tree;
     if (qi::parse(f, l, node, tree))
         dump(tree);
     else
         std::cerr << "Unparsed: " << std::string(f, l) << std::endl;
}

很遗憾，dump 的实现几乎是等量的代码:)

The implementation of dump is regrettably almost the equivalent amount of code :)

它会打印:

{
    Parent
    {
        {
            ChildA
            {
                ChildC
            }
            {
                ChildD
            }
        }
        {
            ChildB
            {
                ChildE
            }
            {
                ChildF
            }
        }
    }
}

<子>这是dump(const ast_t&)的定义:

struct dump_visitor : boost::static_visitor<>
{
    dump_visitor(int indent=0) : _indent(indent) {}

    void operator()(const std::string& s) const { print(s); }

    template <class V>
        void operator()(const V& vec) const
    {
        print("{");
        for(typename V::const_iterator it=vec.begin(); it!=vec.end(); it++)
            boost::apply_visitor(dump_visitor(_indent+1), *it);
        print("}");
    }

  private:
    template <typename T> void print(const T& v) const 
      { std::cout << std::string(_indent*4, ' ') << v << std::endl; }
    int _indent;
};

void dump(const ast_t& tree)
{
    boost::apply_visitor(dump_visitor(), tree);
}

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