C++ 对象:什么时候应该使用指针或引用
我可以使用一个对象作为指向它的指针，或者它的引用.我知道不同之处在于必须手动删除指针，并且引用会一直保留到超出范围.
I can use an object as pointer to it, or its reference. I understand that the difference is that pointers have to be deleted manually, and references remain until they are out of scope.
我应该什么时候使用它们?有什么实际区别?
When should I use each of them? What is the practical difference?
这些问题都没有回答我的疑问:
Neither of these questions answered my doubts:
- 指针与参考
- C++ 引用、对象和指针的区别
推荐答案
引用基本上是一个有限制的指针(必须在创建时绑定，不能被反弹/为空).如果您的代码使用这些限制是有意义的，那么使用引用而不是指针可以让编译器警告您不小心违反了它们.
A reference is basically a pointer with restrictions (has to be bound on creation, can't be rebound/null). If it makes sense for your code to use these restrictions, then using a reference instead of a pointer allows the compiler to warn you about accidentally violating them.
它很像 const 限定符:没有它，语言也可以存在，它只是作为一种额外的功能，可以更容易地开发安全代码.
It's a lot like the const qualifier: the language could exist without it, it's just there as a bonus feature of sorts that makes it easier to develop safe code.
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