如何使用 PIL 调整大小并将旋转 EXIF 信息应用于文件?
问题描述
我正在尝试使用 Python 来调整图片大小.用我的相机,文件都是横向写的.
I am trying to use Python to resize picture. With my camera, files are all written is landscape way.
exif 信息处理一个标签以要求图像查看器以某种方式旋转.由于大多数浏览器不理解此信息,我想使用此 EXIF 信息旋转图像并保留所有其他 EXIF 信息.
The exif information handle a tag to ask the image viewer to rotate in a way or another. Since most of the browser doesn't understand this information, I want to rotate the image using this EXIF information and keeping every other EXIF information.
你知道我如何使用 Python 做到这一点吗?
Do you know how I can do that using Python ?
阅读 EXIF.py 源代码,我发现了类似的东西:
Reading the EXIF.py source code, I found something like that :
0x0112: ('Orientation',
{1: 'Horizontal (normal)',
2: 'Mirrored horizontal',
3: 'Rotated 180',
4: 'Mirrored vertical',
5: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CCW',
6: 'Rotated 90 CW',
7: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CW',
8: 'Rotated 90 CCW'})
我如何使用这些信息和 PIL 来应用它?
How can I use this information and PIL to apply it ?
解决方案
终于用上了pyexiv2,但在 GNU 以外的其他平台上安装有点棘手.
I finally used pyexiv2, but it is a bit tricky to install on other platforms than GNU.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Rémy HUBSCHER <natim@users.sf.net> - http://www.trunat.fr/portfolio/python.html
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
# Using :
# - Python Imaging Library PIL http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/index.htm
# - pyexiv2 http://tilloy.net/dev/pyexiv2/
###
# What is doing this script ?
#
# 1. Take a directory of picture from a Reflex Camera (Nikon D90 for example)
# 2. Use the EXIF Orientation information to turn the image
# 3. Remove the thumbnail from the EXIF Information
# 4. Create 2 image one maxi map in 600x600, one mini map in 200x200
# 5. Add a comment with the name of the Author and his Website
# 6. Copy the EXIF information to the maxi and mini image
# 7. Name the image files with a meanful name (Date of picture)
import os, sys
try:
import Image
except:
print "To use this program, you need to install Python Imaging Library - http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/"
sys.exit(1)
try:
import pyexiv2
except:
print "To use this program, you need to install pyexiv2 - http://tilloy.net/dev/pyexiv2/"
sys.exit(1)
############# Configuration ##############
size_mini = 200, 200
size_maxi = 1024, 1024
# Information about the Photograph should be in ASCII
COPYRIGHT="Remy Hubscher - http://www.trunat.fr/"
ARTIST="Remy Hubscher"
##########################################
def listJPEG(directory):
"Retourn a list of the JPEG files in the directory"
fileList = [os.path.normcase(f) for f in os.listdir(directory)]
fileList = [f for f in fileList if os.path.splitext(f)[1] in ('.jpg', '.JPG')]
fileList.sort()
return fileList
def _mkdir(newdir):
"""
works the way a good mkdir should :)
- already exists, silently complete
- regular file in the way, raise an exception
- parent directory(ies) does not exist, make them as well
"""
if os.path.isdir(newdir):
pass
elif os.path.isfile(newdir):
raise OSError("a file with the same name as the desired "
"dir, '%s', already exists." % newdir)
else:
head, tail = os.path.split(newdir)
if head and not os.path.isdir(head):
_mkdir(head)
if tail:
os.mkdir(newdir)
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
print "USAGE : python %s indir outdir [comment]" % sys.argv[0]
exit
indir = sys.argv[1]
outdir = sys.argv[2]
if len(sys.argv) == 4:
comment = sys.argv[1]
else:
comment = COPYRIGHT
agrandie = os.path.join(outdir, 'agrandie')
miniature = os.path.join(outdir, 'miniature')
print agrandie, miniature
_mkdir(agrandie)
_mkdir(miniature)
for infile in listJPEG(indir):
mini = os.path.join(miniature, infile)
grand = os.path.join(agrandie, infile)
file_path = os.path.join(indir, infile)
image = pyexiv2.Image(file_path)
image.readMetadata()
# We clean the file and add some information
image.deleteThumbnail()
image['Exif.Image.Artist'] = ARTIST
image['Exif.Image.Copyright'] = COPYRIGHT
image.setComment(comment)
# I prefer not to modify the input file
# image.writeMetadata()
# We look for a meanful name
if 'Exif.Image.DateTime' in image.exifKeys():
filename = image['Exif.Image.DateTime'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.jpg')
mini = os.path.join(miniature, filename)
grand = os.path.join(agrandie, filename)
else:
# If no exif information, leave the old name
mini = os.path.join(miniature, infile)
grand = os.path.join(agrandie, infile)
# We create the thumbnail
#try:
im = Image.open(file_path)
im.thumbnail(size_maxi, Image.ANTIALIAS)
# We rotate regarding to the EXIF orientation information
if 'Exif.Image.Orientation' in image.exifKeys():
orientation = image['Exif.Image.Orientation']
if orientation == 1:
# Nothing
mirror = im.copy()
elif orientation == 2:
# Vertical Mirror
mirror = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
elif orientation == 3:
# Rotation 180°
mirror = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)
elif orientation == 4:
# Horizontal Mirror
mirror = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
elif orientation == 5:
# Horizontal Mirror + Rotation 90° CCW
mirror = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM).transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)
elif orientation == 6:
# Rotation 270°
mirror = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_270)
elif orientation == 7:
# Horizontal Mirror + Rotation 270°
mirror = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM).transpose(Image.ROTATE_270)
elif orientation == 8:
# Rotation 90°
mirror = im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_90)
# No more Orientation information
image['Exif.Image.Orientation'] = 1
else:
# No EXIF information, the user has to do it
mirror = im.copy()
mirror.save(grand, "JPEG", quality=85)
img_grand = pyexiv2.Image(grand)
img_grand.readMetadata()
image.copyMetadataTo(img_grand)
img_grand.writeMetadata()
print grand
mirror.thumbnail(size_mini, Image.ANTIALIAS)
mirror.save(mini, "JPEG", quality=85)
img_mini = pyexiv2.Image(mini)
img_mini.readMetadata()
image.copyMetadataTo(img_mini)
img_mini.writeMetadata()
print mini
print
如果您发现有什么可以改进的(除了它仍然适用于 Python 2.5),请告诉我.
If you see something that could be improved (except the fact that it is still for Python 2.5) then please let me know.
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