如何在极坐标 matplotlib 图中旋转刻度标签?

2022-01-16 00:00:00 python matplotlib plot polar-coordinates rotation

问题描述

我有很长的标识符，我想制作一个径向图，其中刻度都在不同的角度.例如，右侧 0 度处的第一个刻度应具有 0 度角.顶部的那个应该是 90 度.左边 270 度的那个应该是 0 度.我希望它看起来让人想起径向树状图.使用 matplotlib 2.0.2 和 python 3.6.2

I have long identifiers and I would like to make a radial plot where ticks are all at different angles. For example, the first tick on the right at 0 degrees should have a 0 degree angle. The one at the top should be 90 degrees. The one at 270 degrees on the left should be 0 degrees. I want it to look reminiscent of a radial dendrogram. Using matplotlib 2.0.2 and python 3.6.2

这是否可以在 matplotlib 中旋转单个刻度标签或单独添加文本标签?

设置 ax.set_rticks([]) 会在添加散点和线时扭曲绘图.label.get_position() 中的位置大大偏移了绘图右侧的标签.

Setting ax.set_rticks([]) distorts the plot when adding the scatter points and lines. The positions from label.get_position() offset the labels considerably to the right of the plot.

有没有办法使用角度和幅度坐标? 

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

data = {'0-b__|ce0Ji|aaaiIi9abGc_|ti5l-baa1tcciii|irGi': 0.28774963897009614, '0-b__|ce0Ji|aaaiIi9abGc_|ti6l-baa1tcciii|irGi': 0.18366735937444964, 'allb_e__|tla1a|ali|_auc7en_|e': -0.11720263463773731, 'b__0|lp|..ii80p.e7l_|an4obln.llll0ai|': -0.021168680215561269, 'b__Ass8._ii8.c4on|Ay|mbessoxiAxa': 0.17845443978725653, 'b__Bts4o_rrtiordae|Bei|obe7rattrniBno': 0.32077066676059313, 'b__|aaa|tteiatlim_|e1rblttaaeei|e': -0.27915536613715614, 'b__|as4.|ei2.l7ov_|e0tblaaoxi|xa': 0.43309499489274772, 'b__|as4.|ei2.l7ov_|e9tblaaoxi|xa': 0.47835581698425556, 'b__|cu|ppripcae_|co2tbopnccpei|': -0.20330386390053184, 'b__|eoea|cccimacnuuh_|ra0obarceenbi|ba': 0.062889648127927869, 'b__|oa|ggrigoip_|nr6ybmgvoohii|i': -0.045648268817583035, 'b__|p1|ooiioi4rs_|sr5eba0otsoi|ox': -0.52544820541720971, 'b__|paa|piatgn_|hy1cboippoli|la': 0.27260399422352155, 'b__|triu|mmriumay_|eb4ebcimrttnhi|hc': 0.62680074671550845, 'b__|tru|mmriumad_|eb2obcmittisi|': 0.34780388151174668, 'etob_m__|aol2l|ooeui|_lool7r': 0.4856468599203973, 'etpb_s__|apl2l|lleni|_loll8e': 0.24430277200521291, 'ib__rCalc_hhdiorchubai|CSt|absahodrsiCsaaca': -0.13484907188897891, 'nlab___|oa1i|ssni|_iesa9': 0.13636363636363635, 'nlnb_i__|dn1t|rrnfi|_tera8ig_|e': -0.056954668733049205, 'nrfb_h__|afl3r|ssnti|_resl3yn_': 0.56102285935683849, 'o5b__l|rcoa|eecialaeprh_|as1o5bie0trrnlii|irLa': 0.53377831002782572, 'oelb_a__Aelt3_rrovi__rro|a': 0.32230284245007218, 'oelb_a__Aelt4_rrovi__rro|a': 0.16580958754534889, 'porb_i__Ctrc6c_oopci__cloa|ny|C': 0.38260364199922509, 'porb_i__Ctrc7g_rrpci__glra|ay|C': 0.51829805219964076, 'ptab_a__|hac2b|uupci|_boui3ct_|': 0.50873516255151285, 'reab_a__|aa2a|rrrhi|_axrl4ra_|': -0.47742242259871087, 'sb__o|sSac|ccnibocsctlhd_|a0dbuacmssioai|anCca': 0.42733612764608503, 'teob___|oa1b|iiti|_bnil3': -0.32684653587404461, 'uoib_i__|ia2a|bbuli|_arbi2it': -0.13636363636363635}
Se_corr = pd.Series(data, name="correlation")


def plot_polar(r):
    with plt.style.context("seaborn-whitegrid"):
        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
        ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True)
        ax.set_rmax(2)
#         ax.set_rticks([])
        ticks= np.linspace(0, 360, r.index.size + 1) [:-1]

        ax.set_xticks(np.deg2rad(ticks))
        ax.set_xticklabels(r.index, fontsize=15,)

        angles = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,len(ax.get_xticklabels()))
        angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] = angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] + np.pi
        angles = np.rad2deg(angles)

        for i, theta in enumerate(angles):
            ax.plot([theta,theta], [0,r[i]], color="black")
            ax.scatter(x=theta,y=r[i], color="black")


        labels = []
        for label, theta in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), angles):
            x,y = label.get_position()
            lab = ax.text(x, y, label.get_text(), transform=label.get_transform(),
                          ha=label.get_ha(), va=label.get_va())
            lab.set_rotation(theta)
            labels.append(lab)
        ax.set_xticklabels([])

    return fig, ax 
fig,ax = plot_polar(Se_corr)

解决方案

旋转极坐标图的刻度标签可能不像通常的笛卡尔图那么容易.对于笛卡尔图，可以简单地做类似的事情

Rotating the ticklabels for a polar plot may be not as easy as for a usual cartesian plot. For a cartesian plot, one can simply do something like

for label in ax.get_xticklabels():
    label.set_rotation(...)

这不适用于极坐标图，因为它们的旋转在绘制时重置为 0 度.

This does not work for a polar plot, because their rotation is reset at draw time to 0 degrees.

想到的一个选项是创建新的刻度标签作为额外的文本对象，这些对象复制刻度标签的属性，但可以具有持久的旋转.然后删除所有原始刻度标签.

One option that comes to mind is to create new ticklabels as additional text objects which copy the attributes of the ticklabels but can have a persistent rotation. Then remove all original ticklabels.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

r = np.arange(0, 2, 0.01)
theta = 2 * np.pi * r

ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.plot(theta, r)
ax.set_rmax(2)
ax.set_rticks([]) 


plt.gcf().canvas.draw()
angles = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,len(ax.get_xticklabels())+1)
angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] = angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] + np.pi
angles = np.rad2deg(angles)
labels = []
for label, angle in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), angles):
    x,y = label.get_position()
    lab = ax.text(x,y, label.get_text(), transform=label.get_transform(),
                  ha=label.get_ha(), va=label.get_va())
    lab.set_rotation(angle)
    labels.append(lab)
ax.set_xticklabels([])

plt.show()

对于较长的标签，您可以使用标签的 y 坐标:

For longer labels you may play with the y coordinates of the labels:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

r = np.arange(0, 2, 0.01)
theta = 2 * np.pi * r

ax = plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
ax.plot(theta, r)
ax.set_rmax(2)
ax.set_rticks([])
ticks= np.linspace(0,360,9)[:-1] 
ax.set_xticks(np.deg2rad(ticks))
ticklabels = ["".join(np.random.choice(list("ABCDE"),size=15)) for _ in range(len(ticks))]
ax.set_xticklabels(ticklabels, fontsize=10)

plt.gcf().canvas.draw()
angles = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,len(ax.get_xticklabels())+1)
angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] = angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] + np.pi
angles = np.rad2deg(angles)
labels = []
for label, angle in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), angles):
    x,y = label.get_position()
    lab = ax.text(x,y-.65, label.get_text(), transform=label.get_transform(),
                  ha=label.get_ha(), va=label.get_va())
    lab.set_rotation(angle)
    labels.append(lab)
ax.set_xticklabels([])

plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.68,bottom=0.32,left=0.05,right=0.95)
plt.show()

<小时>已编辑问题代码的更正版本:

Corrected version of the edited question's code:

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

data = {'0-b__|ce0Ji|aaaiIi9abGc_|ti5l-baa1tcciii|irGi': 0.28774963897009614, '0-b__|ce0Ji|aaaiIi9abGc_|ti6l-baa1tcciii|irGi': 0.18366735937444964, 'allb_e__|tla1a|ali|_auc7en_|e': -0.11720263463773731, 'b__0|lp|..ii80p.e7l_|an4obln.llll0ai|': -0.021168680215561269, 'b__Ass8._ii8.c4on|Ay|mbessoxiAxa': 0.17845443978725653, 'b__Bts4o_rrtiordae|Bei|obe7rattrniBno': 0.32077066676059313, 'b__|aaa|tteiatlim_|e1rblttaaeei|e': -0.27915536613715614, 'b__|as4.|ei2.l7ov_|e0tblaaoxi|xa': 0.43309499489274772, 'b__|as4.|ei2.l7ov_|e9tblaaoxi|xa': 0.47835581698425556, 'b__|cu|ppripcae_|co2tbopnccpei|': -0.20330386390053184, 'b__|eoea|cccimacnuuh_|ra0obarceenbi|ba': 0.062889648127927869, 'b__|oa|ggrigoip_|nr6ybmgvoohii|i': -0.045648268817583035, 'b__|p1|ooiioi4rs_|sr5eba0otsoi|ox': -0.52544820541720971, 'b__|paa|piatgn_|hy1cboippoli|la': 0.27260399422352155, 'b__|triu|mmriumay_|eb4ebcimrttnhi|hc': 0.62680074671550845, 'b__|tru|mmriumad_|eb2obcmittisi|': 0.34780388151174668, 'etob_m__|aol2l|ooeui|_lool7r': 0.4856468599203973, 'etpb_s__|apl2l|lleni|_loll8e': 0.24430277200521291, 'ib__rCalc_hhdiorchubai|CSt|absahodrsiCsaaca': -0.13484907188897891, 'nlab___|oa1i|ssni|_iesa9': 0.13636363636363635, 'nlnb_i__|dn1t|rrnfi|_tera8ig_|e': -0.056954668733049205, 'nrfb_h__|afl3r|ssnti|_resl3yn_': 0.56102285935683849, 'o5b__l|rcoa|eecialaeprh_|as1o5bie0trrnlii|irLa': 0.53377831002782572, 'oelb_a__Aelt3_rrovi__rro|a': 0.32230284245007218, 'oelb_a__Aelt4_rrovi__rro|a': 0.16580958754534889, 'porb_i__Ctrc6c_oopci__cloa|ny|C': 0.38260364199922509, 'porb_i__Ctrc7g_rrpci__glra|ay|C': 0.51829805219964076, 'ptab_a__|hac2b|uupci|_boui3ct_|': 0.50873516255151285, 'reab_a__|aa2a|rrrhi|_axrl4ra_|': -0.47742242259871087, 'sb__o|sSac|ccnibocsctlhd_|a0dbuacmssioai|anCca': 0.42733612764608503, 'teob___|oa1b|iiti|_bnil3': -0.32684653587404461, 'uoib_i__|ia2a|bbuli|_arbi2it': -0.13636363636363635}
Se_corr = pd.Series(data, name="correlation")


def plot_polar(r):
with plt.style.context("seaborn-whitegrid"):
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True)
    ax.set_rmax(2)
    #ax.set_rticks([])
    ticks= np.linspace(0, 360, r.index.size + 1)[:-1]

    ax.set_xticks(np.deg2rad(ticks))
    ax.set_xticklabels(r.index, fontsize=15,)

    angles = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,len(ax.get_xticklabels())+1)
    angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] = angles[np.cos(angles) < 0] + np.pi
    angles = np.rad2deg(angles)

    for i, theta in enumerate(angles[:-1]):
        ax.plot([theta,theta], [0,r[i]], color="black")
        ax.scatter(x=theta,y=r[i], color="black")

    fig.canvas.draw()
    labels = []
    for label, theta in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), angles):
        x,y = label.get_position()
        lab = ax.text(x, y, label.get_text(), transform=label.get_transform(),
                      ha=label.get_ha(), va=label.get_va())
        lab.set_rotation(theta)
        labels.append(lab)
    ax.set_xticklabels([])

return fig, ax 
fig,ax = plot_polar(Se_corr)
plt.show()

;该代码生成的图像

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