按对象属性搜索对象向量

2021-12-18 00:00:00 gcc c++ stl std

我试图找出一种在向量中查找某个对象的索引的好方法 - 通过将字符串与对象中的成员字段进行比较.

I'm trying to figure out a nice way to find the index of a certain object in a vector - by comparing a string to a member field in the object.

像这样:

find(vector.begin(), vector.end(), [object where obj.getName() == myString])

我搜索没有成功 - 也许我不完全明白要寻找什么.

I have searched without success - maybe I don't fully understand what to look for.

推荐答案

您可以使用 std::find_if 带有合适的函子.在此示例中，使用了 C++11 lambda:

You can use std::find_if with a suitable functor. In this example, a C++11 lambda is used:

std::vector<Type> v = ....;
std::string myString = ....;
auto it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [&myString](const Type& obj) {return obj.getName() == myString;})

if (it != v.end())
{
  // found element. it is an iterator to the first matching element.
  // if you really need the index, you can also get it:
  auto index = std::distance(v.begin(), it);
}

如果您没有 C++11 lambda 支持，函子可以工作:

If you have no C++11 lambda support, a functor would work:

struct MatchString
{
 MatchString(const std::string& s) : s_(s) {}
 bool operator()(const Type& obj) const
 {
   return obj.getName() == s_;
 }
 private:
   const std::string& s_;
};

这里，MatchString 是一种类型，它的实例可以用单个 Type 对象调用，并返回一个布尔值.例如，

Here, MatchString is a type whose instances are callable with a single Type object, and return a boolean. For example,

Type t("Foo"); // assume this means t.getName() is "Foo"
MatchString m("Foo");
bool b = m(t); // b is true

然后你可以将一个实例传递给 std::find

then you can pass an instance to std::find

std::vector<Type>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), MatchString(myString));

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