在 Windows 10 上使用 Nuitka 将 Python 3.6 脚本编译为独立 exe

2022-01-15 00:00:00 python exe python-3.6 windows-10 nuitka

问题描述

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  • 操作系统:Windows 10，64 位
  • Python 版本:3.6 或更高版本
  • Python 编译器:Nuitka，开发版本 0.5.30rc5
  • MSVC 编译器:Visual Studio 2017 社区，vcvars64.bat

 

我将首先解释如何构建我的可执行文件.假设我有一个文件夹，里面有一个我想要构建的简单 python 脚本:

I'll first explain how I build my executable. Suppose I have a folder with a simple python script that I want to build:

buildscript.py 看起来像这样:

#####################################################
#               NUITKA BUILD SCRIPT                 #
#####################################################
# Author: Matic Kukovec
# Date: April 2018

import os
import platform


NUITKA = "C:/Python36/Scripts/nuitka3-script.py"  # Path where my nuitka3-script.py is
CWD = os.getcwd().replace("\", "/")
MSVC = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat"
PYTHON_VERSION = "3.6"
PYTHON_EXE_PATH= "C:/Python36/python.exe"
NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION = 1 # 1 is the safest choice, but you can try more

# Generate command
command = '"{}" amd64 &'.format(MSVC)
command += "{} ".format(PYTHON_EXE_PATH)
command += "{} ".format(NUITKA)
command += "--python-version={} ".format(PYTHON_VERSION)
command += "--output-dir={}/output ".format(CWD)
command += "--verbose "
command += "--jobs={} ".format(NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION)
command += "--show-scons "
# command += "--windows-disable-console "
# command += "--icon={}/myicon.ico ".format(CWD)
command += "--standalone "
# command += "--run "
command += "{}/cubeimporter.py ".format(CWD)
os.system(command)

print("END")

 

构建完成后，文件夹如下所示(见下图).如您所见，可执行文件旁边还有许多其他文件.我可以看到 .dll 和 .pyd 文件.

After the build finishes, the folder looks like this (see picture below). As you can see, there are plenty of other files sitting next to the executable. I can see .dll and .pyd files.

 

我希望我可以只构建一个独立的可执行文件.不需要 dll 或其他文件.当我将可执行文件放在拇指驱动器上并将其粘贴到另一台计算机(运行 Windows 10、64 位)时，它应该可以正常工作.即使那台计算机上没有安装 Python.

I wish I could build just a standalone executable. No dll- or other files needed. When I put the executable on a thumb drive and stick it into another computer (running Windows 10, 64-bit), it should just work. Even if there is no Python installed on that computer.

Nuitka 可以做到这一点吗?
如果不是，是否可以使用另一个 Python 编译器?
请一一提供所有需要的步骤:-)

Is this possible with Nuitka?
If no, is it possible with another Python compiler?
Please provide all the steps needed, one-by-one :-)

解决方案

单个可执行文件比 Nuitka 更容易，例如PyInstaller:pyinstaller --onefile program.py(要禁用 GUI 应用程序的控制台窗口，请添加 -w 选项.

Easier than Nuitka for a single executable is e.g. PyInstaller: pyinstaller --onefile program.py (to disable the console window for GUI applications add the -w option).

要使用 Nuitka 创建单个可执行文件，您可以从生成的文件创建 SFX 存档.您可以使用生成 program_dist 目录的 --standalone 选项运行 Nuitka.

To create a single executable with Nuitka, you can create a SFX archive from the generated files. You can run Nuitka with the --standalone option which generates a program_dist directory.

然后创建一个 7-Zip SFX 配置文件 config.txt:<代码>;!@Install@!UTF-8!GUIMode="2"ExecuteFile="%%T/program_dist/program.exe";!@InstallEnd@!

Create then a 7-Zip SFX config file config.txt: ;!@Install@!UTF-8! GUIMode="2" ExecuteFile="%%T/program_dist/program.exe" ;!@InstallEnd@!

然后从 https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm 获取 7-Zip SFX (从版本 - 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z)并解压 7zsd_All_x64.sfx 文件.

Then get the 7-Zip SFX from https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm (from releases – 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z) and unpack the 7zsd_All_x64.sfx file.

然后将 program_dist 与 7-Zip(因此该文件夹包含在存档中)打包到 program.7z.然后，可以使用 copy/b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe 创建 SFX.

Pack then the program_dist with 7-Zip (so the folder is included in the archive) to program.7z. Then, an SFX can be created with copy /b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe.

在 Unix 上，你也可以自己创建一个 SFX，如果你创建一个 tar 存档并将它附加到一个 shell 脚本中，它会提取并解压缩它，详情请参阅 https://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005818.

On Unix, you can also create yourself an SFX if you create a tar archive and append it to a shell script which extract it and unpack it, for details see https://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005818.

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