基于继承类的模板特化

2021-12-13 00:00:00 templates c++ specialization

我想让这个专门的不改变主.是否可以根据其基类专门化某些东西?我希望如此.

I want to make this specialized w/o changing main. Is it possible to specialize something based on its base class? I hope so.

-编辑-

我将有几个继承自 SomeTag 的类.我不想为他们每个人编写相同的专业.

I'll have several classes that inherit from SomeTag. I don't want to write the same specialization for each of them.

class SomeTag {};
class InheritSomeTag : public SomeTag {};

template <class T, class Tag=T>
struct MyClass
{
};

template <class T>
struct MyClass<T, SomeTag>
{
    typedef int isSpecialized;
};

int main()
{
    MyClass<SomeTag>::isSpecialized test1; //ok
    MyClass<InheritSomeTag>::isSpecialized test2; //how do i make this specialized w/o changing main()
    return 0;
}

推荐答案

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This article describes a neat trick: http://www.gotw.ca/publications/mxc++-item-4.htm

这是基本思想.您首先需要一个 IsDerivedFrom 类(它提供运行时和编译时检查):

Here's the basic idea. You first need an IsDerivedFrom class (this provides runtime and compile-time checking):

template<typename D, typename B>
class IsDerivedFrom
{
  class No { };
  class Yes { No no[3]; }; 

  static Yes Test( B* ); // not defined
  static No Test( ... ); // not defined 

  static void Constraints(D* p) { B* pb = p; pb = p; } 

public:
  enum { Is = sizeof(Test(static_cast<D*>(0))) == sizeof(Yes) }; 

  IsDerivedFrom() { void(*p)(D*) = Constraints; }
};

那么你的 MyClass 需要一个潜在的特殊实现:

Then your MyClass needs an implementation that's potentially specialized:

template<typename T, int>
class MyClassImpl
{
  // general case: T is not derived from SomeTag
}; 

template<typename T>
class MyClassImpl<T, 1>
{
  // T is derived from SomeTag
  public:
     typedef int isSpecialized;
};

和 MyClass 实际上看起来像:

and MyClass actually looks like:

template<typename T>
class MyClass: public MyClassImpl<T, IsDerivedFrom<T, SomeTag>::Is>
{
};

那么你的主菜就可以了:

Then your main will be fine the way it is:

int main()
{
    MyClass<SomeTag>::isSpecialized test1; //ok
    MyClass<InheritSomeTag>::isSpecialized test2; //ok also
    return 0;
}

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