C++模板中实例化和特化的区别

2021-12-13 00:00:00 templates c++

C++ 模板上下文中的特化和实例化有什么区别.根据我目前阅读的内容，以下是我对特化和实例化的理解.

What is the difference between specialization and instantiation in context of C++ templates. From what I have read so far the following is what I have understood about specialization and instantiation.

template <typename T>
struct Struct
{

     T x;
};

template<>
struct Struct <int> //specialization
{

    //code
};

int main()
{
   Struct <int> s; //specialized version comes into play
   Struct <float> r; // Struct <float> is instantiated by the compiler as shown below

}

编译器对 Struct 的实例化

template <typename T=float>
struct Struct
{
    float x;
}

我对模板实例化和特化的理解是否正确?

Is my understanding of template instantiation and specialization correct?

推荐答案

(隐式)实例化

这就是您所说的实例化(如问题中所述)

(Implicit) Instantiation

This is what you refer to as instantiation (as mentioned in the Question)

这是当您告诉编译器使用给定类型实例化模板时，如下所示:

This is when you tell the compiler to instantiate the template with given types, like this:

template Struct<char>; // used to control the PLACE where the template is inst-ed

(显式)专业化

这就是您所说的专业化(如问题中所述)

(Explicit) Specialization

This is what you refer to as specialization (as mentioned in the Question)

这是当您为类型的子集提供模板的替代定义时，如下所示:

This is when you give an alternative definition to a template for a subset of types, like this:

template<class T> class Struct<T*> {...} // partial specialization for pointers

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