如何使用 SFINAE 检测类的存在?

Nevertheless, if T is defined, then T::~T has a type DT- which must be yielded by decltype(dt) whenever dt is an expression that evaluates to an invocation of T::~T; and therefore DT * will be a type also, that can in principle be given as the argument type of a function overload. Therefore we can write the probe like this (GCC 4.6.3):

#ifndef HAS_DESTRUCTOR_H
#define HAS_DESTRUCTOR_H

#include <type_traits>

/*! The template `has_destructor<T>` exports a
    boolean constant `value that is true iff `T` has 
    a public destructor.

    N.B. A compile error will occur if T has non-public destructor.
*/ 
template< typename T>
struct has_destructor
{   
    /* Has destructor :) */
    template <typename A> 
    static std::true_type test(decltype(std::declval<A>().~A()) *) {
        return std::true_type();
    }

    /* Has no destructor :( */
    template<typename A>
    static std::false_type test(...) {
        return std::false_type(); 
    }

    /* This will be either `std::true_type` or `std::false_type` */
    typedef decltype(test<T>(0)) type;

    static const bool value = type::value; /* Which is it? */
};

#endif // EOF

只有限制 T 必须有一个 public 析构函数才能在 decltype(std::declval<A>().~A()).(has_destructor 是我在此处贡献的方法内省模板的简化改编版.)

#include "has_destructor.h"
#include <iostream>

class bar {}; // Defined
template< 
    class CharT, 
    class Traits
> class basic_iostream; //Defined
template<typename T>
struct vector; //Undefined
class foo; // Undefined

int main()
{
    std::cout << has_destructor<bar>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << has_destructor<std::basic_iostream<char>>::value 
        << std::endl;
    std::cout << has_destructor<foo>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << has_destructor<vector<int>>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << has_destructor<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::count << std::has_trivial_destructor<int>::value << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

#ifdef _MSC_VER
namespace std {
template <typename T>
typename add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval();
}
#endif