AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__' 在 Kivy 中使用带有多个 kv 文件的 BoxLayout 时出错

2022-01-15 00:00:00 python kivy kivy-language

问题描述

我很清楚，这个问题已经被问过好几次了.但是在尝试了以下解决方案之后:

As I am very well aware, this question has been asked several times already. But after trying the following solutions:

  • Python - Kivy: AttributeError: 'super'尝试获取 self.ids 时对象没有属性__getattr__"
  • Python/Kivy AttributeError: 'super' object has no属性'__getattr__'
  • 如何我可以在不获取 AttributeError 的情况下访问 kivy 中另一个类的对象属性吗:'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__'
  • AttributeError: 'super' 对象没有属性 '__getattr__'

我已经得出结论，我需要帮助解决我的具体问题.列出的解决方案似乎不适用于我的具体情况.

I have reached the conclusion that i need help in my specific problem. The solutions listed didn't seem to work in my specific case.

以下情况:

我目前正在尝试使用 kivy 为智能手机开发应用程序.因为我喜欢我的代码非常干净和清晰的结构，所以我将我的 Kivy 代码拆分为几个 kv 文件.python 代码应该主要具有逻辑，仅此而已.为了让它正常工作，我需要在不同的 kv 文件中引用不同对象的实例.为了让我的问题更清楚，我构建了一个相当简单的例子:

I am currently trying to develop an application for smartphones using kivy. Since i like my code pretty clean and clear structured i have split my Kivy code into several kv-files. The python code is supposed to have primarily the logic and nothing more. In order to get it working properly i need to reference the instances of the different objects in the different kv-files. In order to make my problem clear i have constructed a fairly simple example:

文件:尝试.py

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.factory import Factory
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.lang import Builder

x= 1

class ComplexBox(Widget):
    def testit(self):
        self.ids.layout.add_widget(Label(text = "Requirement A met."))
    def addsome(self):
        global x
        self.ids.layout.add_widget(SomeWidget(id="XXX"+str(x)))
        x = x +1
    pass

class SomeWidget(Widget):
    def change(self):
        self.ids.REQB.text = "Requirement B met."
    pass

class RequirementC(Widget):
    def triggerC(self):
        self.ids.ERRORBUTTON.text = "Requirement C met"
    pass

class Attempt(App):
    def build(self):
        return presentation
    pass


presentation = Builder.load_file("attempt.kv")
Attempt().run()

文件:尝试.kv

#:kivy 1.0
#:include attemptsupp.kv
#:include attemptsuppC.kv

# root
<ComplexBox>:
    BoxLayout:
        id: layout
        size: root.size
        Button:
            id: ERRORBUTTON
            text: "add"
            on_press: root.addsome()
            on_release: root.testit()
BoxLayout:
    orientation: 'vertical'
    ComplexBox:
    RequirementC:

文件:attemptsupp.kv

FILE: attemptsupp.kv

#:kivy 1.0

# rules for the widget
<SomeWidget>:
    BoxLayout:
        pos: root.pos
        size: root.size
        orientation: "vertical"
        Label:
            id: REQB
            text: "hello"
        Button:
            text: "world"
            on_release: root.change()

文件:attemptsuppC.kv

FILE: attemptsuppC.kv

#:kivy 1.0

<RequirementC>:
    Button:
        id: REQC
        text: "Press"
        on_release: root.triggerC()

正在运行的程序的图片 - 按Press"- 按钮得到错误

使用 kivy 1.10 版和 Python 3.7.2 版运行，该程序首先可以正常启动.但是，当我按下标有按下"且 ID 为 ERRORBUTTON 的按钮时，出现此错误:

Running with kivy version 1.10 and Python version 3.7.2 the program first starts perfectly fine. But when I press on the Button labeled "press" with the id ERRORBUTTON I get this error:

...--default --nodebug --client --host localhost --port 57777...attempt.py "
[INFO   ] [Logger      ] Record log in....kivylogskivy_19-03-15_31.txt
[INFO   ] [Kivy        ] v1.10.1
[INFO   ] [Python      ] v3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 
...
[INFO   ] [Window      ] auto add sdl2 input provider
[INFO   ] [Window      ] virtual keyboard not allowed, single mode, not docked
[WARNING] [Lang        ] attemptsupp.kv has already been included!
[WARNING] [Lang        ] attemptsuppC.kv has already been included!
[INFO   ] [Base        ] Start application main loop
[INFO   ] [GL          ] NPOT texture support is available
[INFO   ] [Base        ] Leaving application in progress...
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "kivyproperties.pyx", line 838, in kivy.properties.ObservableDict.__getattr__
 KeyError: 'ERRORBUTTON'

 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "...ptvsd_launcher.py", line 45, in <module>
     main(ptvsdArgs)
   ...
   File "e:DatenGithub_Projectspc-clickerattempt.py", line 35, in <module>
     Attempt().run()
   File "...libsite-packageskivyapp.py", line 826, in run
     runTouchApp()
...
   File ...libsite-packageskivylanguilder.py", line 64, in custom_callback
     exec(__kvlang__.co_value, idmap)
   File ...attemptsuppC.kv", line 7, in <module>
     on_release: root.triggerC()
   File "...attempt.py", line 25, in triggerC
     self.ids.ERRORBUTTON.text = "Requirement C met"
   File "kivyproperties.pyx", line 841, in kivy.properties.ObservableDict.__getattr__
 AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__'

即使我缩短了错误消息，也应该清楚发生了什么.在字典中找不到我在 RequirementC 类中引用的 ERRORBUTTON id.现在回答我的问题:

Even though I shortened the error message it should be clear what happens. The ERRORBUTTON id I am referencing in the RequirementC Class can't be found in the dictionary. Now to my question:

我怎样才能让它工作?我缺少什么?

How can i make it work? What am I a missing?

简而言之，我尝试了几件事:

Here in short a few things i have tried:

  • 我尝试将 BoxLayouts 包装在 Screen 中并通过 screenmanager 访问它们.
  • 我尝试在 python 代码中重新排列顺序.(例如先加载主kv文件)
  • 我尝试过使用 Builder Factory 并在那里注册不同的类.
  • 我已尝试更改参考.(例如 self.ids.['ERRORBUTTON']...)

这些尝试对我来说似乎都没有奏效.

None of these attempts seem to have worked in my case.

总结一下:

如何让不同类的 kivy 引用正常工作，为什么 ERRORBUTTON id 不在我正在查看的字典中?

How can I get my kivy References across different classes to work properly and why is the ERRORBUTTON id not in the dict I am looking into?

解决方案

所以经过一番研究，我找到了我想要的答案.对于那些可能也会偶然发现我的问题的人来说:

So after a bit of research i found the answer i was looking for. For those who might also stumble over my problem here it comes:

class RequirementC(Widget):
def triggerC(self):
    presentation.children[1].ids.ERRORBUTTON.text = "Requirement C met"
pass

通过查看演示文稿的子项，可以使用ids"方法.

By going over the children of the presentation it is possible to use the "ids" method.

但对于那些想现在使用它的人，我建议遍历孩子以找到正确的 id，而不是给出硬"参考(孩子 [1]).

But for those tempted to use it now i would recommend iterating over the children to find the correct id instead of giving a "hard" reference (children[1]).

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