如何在python中显示区域设置敏感时间格式而无需秒

2022-01-15 00:00:00 python time format locale

问题描述

我可以使用 strftime('%X') 输出区域敏感的时间格式，但这总是包括秒.我如何在没有秒的情况下显示这种时间格式?

I can output a locale sensitive time format using strftime('%X'), but this always includes seconds. How might I display this time format without seconds? 

>>> import locale
>>> import datetime
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_IE.utf-8')
'en_IE.utf-8'
>>> print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%X')
12:22:43
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'zh_TW.utf-8')
'zh_TW.utf-8'
>>> print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%X')
12時22分58秒

我能想到的唯一方法是尝试解析 locale.nl_langinfo(locale.T_FMT) 的输出并去除秒位，但这会带来自己的诡计.

The only way I can think of doing this is attempting to parse the output of locale.nl_langinfo(locale.T_FMT) and strip out the seconds bit, but that brings it's own trickery.

>>> print locale.nl_langinfo(locale.T_FMT)
%H時%M分%S秒
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_IE.utf-8')
'en_IE.utf-8'
>>> print locale.nl_langinfo(locale.T_FMT)
%T

<小时>

解决方案:

(基于pixelbeat的回答.)

Solution:

(Based on pixelbeat's answer.)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import locale
def locale_time(t, show_seconds=False):
    if show_seconds:
        return t.strftime('%X')
    replacement_fmts = [
        (u'.%S', u''),
        (u':%S', u''),
        (u',%S', u''),
        (u':%OS', ''),
        (u'ཀསར་ཆ%S', u''),
        (u' %S초', u''),
        (u'%S秒', u''),
        (u'%r', '%I:%M %p'),
        (u'%t', '%H:%M'),
        (u'%T', '%H:%M')
    ]
    enc=locale.getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale=False)
    t_fmt = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.T_FMT).decode(enc)
    for fmt in replacement_fmts:
        new_t_fmt = t_fmt.replace(*fmt)
        if new_t_fmt != t_fmt:
            return t.strftime(new_t_fmt.encode(enc))
    return t.strftime(t_fmt.encode(enc)

用法:

>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_IE.utf-8')
'en_IE.utf-8'
>>> print locale_time(t)
15:47
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'zh_TW.utf-8')
'zh_TW.utf-8'
>>> print locale_time(t)
15時47分

解决方案

我会建议对返回的 T_FMT 进行特殊封装，因为实际上没有那么多需要考虑:

I would suggest special casing the returned T_FMT as there aren't that many to consider really:

$ for l in $(locale -a | grep utf8); do locale | cut -d= -f1 | LANG=$l xargs locale -kc | grep ^t_fmt=; done | sort -u

t_fmt="%H:%M:%S"
t_fmt="%H.%M.%S"
t_fmt="%H시 %M분 %S초"
t_fmt="ཆུ་ཚོད%Hཀསར་མ%Mཀསར་ཆ%S"
t_fmt="%H时%M分%S秒"
t_fmt="%H时%M分%S秒 %Z"
t_fmt="%H時%M分%S秒"
t_fmt="%I.%M.%S %p"
t_fmt="%I:%M:%S  %Z"
t_fmt="%I:%M:%S %Z"
t_fmt="%I.%M.%S. %Z"
t_fmt="%I時%M分%S秒 %Z"
t_fmt="kl. %H.%M %z"
t_fmt="%k,%M,%S"
t_fmt="%k:%M:%S"
t_fmt="%l:%M:%S"
t_fmt="%OH:%OM:%OS"
t_fmt="%OI:%OM:%OS %p"
t_fmt="%p%I.%M.%S %Z"
t_fmt="%r"
t_fmt="%t"
t_fmt="%T"
t_fmt="%Z %I:%M:%S "

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