Matlab 与 C++ 双精度

2021-12-08 00:00:00 floating-point precision matlab ieee-754 c++

我正在将一些代码从 Matlab 移植到 C++.

I am porting some code from Matlab to C++.

在 Matlab 中

format long
D = 0.689655172413793 (this is 1.0 / 1.45)
E = 2600 / D
// I get E = 3.770000000000e+03

在 C++ 中

double D = 0.68965517241379315; //(this is 1.0 / 1.45)
double E = 2600 / D;
//I get E = 3769.9999999999995

这对我来说是个问题，因为在两种情况下我都必须四舍五入到 0(Matlab 的修复)，在第一种情况下(Matlab)变成 3770，而在第二种情况下(C++)变成 3769.

It is a problem for me because in both cases I have to do rounding down to 0 (Matlab's fix), and in the first case (Matlab) is becomes 3770, whereas in the second case (C++) it becomes 3769.

我意识到这是因为 C++ 案例中另外两个最低有效数字15".鉴于 Matlab 似乎只能以双精度存储多达 15 个有效数字的精度(如上所示 - 0.689655172413793)，我如何有效地告诉 C++ 忽略后面的15"?

I realise that it is because of the two additional least significant digits "15" in the C++ case. Given that Matlab seems to only store up to 15 significant digits of precision in double precision (as shown above - 0.689655172413793), how can I effectively tell C++ to ignore the "15" at the back?

所有计算均以双精度完成.

All calculations are done in double precision.

推荐答案

您对 C++ 和 MATLAB 打印双精度值的不同方式感到困惑.MATLAB 的 format long 只打印15 有效数字，而 C++ 打印 17 有效数字.在内部两者使用相同的数字:IEEE 754 64 位浮点数.为了在 MATLAB 中重现 C++ 行为，我定义了一个 匿名函数 disp17 打印 17 位有效数字的数字:

You got confused by the different ways C++ and MATLAB are printing double values. MATLAB's format long only prints 15 significant digits while C++ prints 17 significant digits. Internally both use the same numbers: IEEE 754 64 bit floating point numbers. To reproduce the C++-behaviour in MATLAB, I defined a anonymous function disp17 which prints numbers with 17 significant digits:

>> disp17=@(x)(disp(num2str(x,17)))

disp17 = 

    @(x)(disp(num2str(x,17)))

>> 1.0 / 1.45

ans =

   0.689655172413793

>> disp17(1.0 / 1.45)
0.68965517241379315

您在 MATLAB 和 C++ 中看到的结果是相同的，它们只是打印不同数量的数字.如果你现在继续使用相同的常量在两种编程语言中，你会得到相同的结果.

You see the result in MATLAB and C++ is the same, they just print a different number of digits. If you now continue in both programming languages with the same constant, you get the same result.

>> D = 0.68965517241379315 %17 digits, enough to represent a double.

D =

   0.689655172413793

>> ans = 2600 / D %Result looks wrong

ans =

     3.770000000000000e+03

>> disp17(2600 / D) %But displaying 17 digits it is the same.
3769.9999999999995

打印 17 或 15 位数字的背景:

The background for printing 17 or 15 digits:

  • Adouble 需要在不丢失精度的情况下存储 17 个有效数字，这是 C 打印的内容.
  • 对于最多 15 位数字，任何数字都可以从字符串转换为双精度字符串并返回原始数字，这正是 MATLAB 所做的.
  • A double requires 17 significant digits to be stored without precision loss, which is what C prints.
  • For up to 15 digits any number can be converted from string to double to string and results back in the original number, which is what MATLAB does.

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