如何为每个屏幕添加一个自己的 .py 和 .kv 文件?

2022-01-15 00:00:00 python kivy

问题描述

我希望每个屏幕都有一个单独的 .py 和 .kv 文件.在 main.py/main.kv 中的 ScreenManager 上应该选择屏幕.设计应从文件 screen_X.kv 加载，类等应从文件 screen_X.py 加载.

I want to have a seperate .py and .kv file for each sreen. Over the ScreenManager in main.py/main.kv the screen should be selected. The design should be loaded from the file screen_X.kv and the classes etc. should be loaded from the file screen_X.py.

屏幕:

  • 屏幕 1
  • 屏幕 2
  • 屏幕 3

文件:

  • (main.py)
  • (showcase.kv)
  • screen_1.py
  • screen_1.kv
  • screen_2.py
  • screen_2.kv
  • screen_3.py
  • screen_3.kv

这使得程序可以很容易地扩展.我怎样才能做到这一点?

This makes the program can be easily extended. How can I achieve this?

使用此代码，我已经分离了 .kv 文件.但我还需要单独的 .py 文件.

With this code I have seperated .kv files. But I need also separated .py files.

main.py

from time import time
from kivy.app import App
from os.path import dirname, join
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.properties import NumericProperty, BooleanProperty, ListProperty
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen


class ShowcaseScreen(Screen):
    fullscreen = BooleanProperty(False)

    def add_widget(self, *args):
        if 'content' in self.ids:
            return self.ids.content.add_widget(*args)
        return super(ShowcaseScreen, self).add_widget(*args)


class ShowcaseApp(App):
    time = NumericProperty(0)
    screen_names = ListProperty([])
    bool_menu = BooleanProperty(False)

    def build(self):
        self.title = 'hello world'
        Clock.schedule_interval(self._update_clock, 1 / 60.)
        self.available_screens = [
            'Buttons', 'CheckBoxes', 'ProgressBar', 'Switches', 'ToggleButton',
        ]
        self.screen_names = self.available_screens
        curdir = dirname(__file__)
        self.available_screens = [join(curdir, 'data', 'screens', '{}.kv'.format(fn)) for fn in self.available_screens]

        self.menu_screen = join(curdir, 'data', 'screens', '{}.kv'.format('Menu'))

        self.go_menu()

    def go_screen(self, idx):
        screen = Builder.load_file(self.available_screens[idx])
        self.root.ids.sm.switch_to(screen, direction='left')

    def go_menu(self):
        if not self.bool_menu:
            screen = Builder.load_file(self.menu_screen)
            self.root.ids.sm.switch_to(screen, direction='right')

    def _update_clock(self, dt):
        self.time = time()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ShowcaseApp().run()

showcase.kv

showcase.kv

#:kivy 1.8.0
#:import KivyLexer kivy.extras.highlight.KivyLexer
#:import Factory kivy.factory.Factory

<ActionSpinnerOptions@SpinnerOption>
    background_color: .4, .4, .4, 1

<ActionSpinner@Spinner+ActionItem>
    canvas.before:
        Color:
            rgba: 0.128, 0.128, 0.128, 1
        Rectangle:
            size: self.size
            pos: self.pos
    border: 27, 20, 12, 12
    background_normal: 'atlas://data/images/defaulttheme/action_group'
    option_cls: Factory.ActionSpinnerOptions

<ActionDropdown>:
    on_size: self.width = '220dp'

<ShowcaseScreen>:
    ScrollView:
        do_scroll_x: False
        do_scroll_y: False if root.fullscreen else (content.height > root.height - dp(16))
        AnchorLayout:
            size_hint_y: None
            height: root.height if root.fullscreen else max(root.height, content.height)
            GridLayout:
                id: content
                cols: 1
                spacing: '8dp'
                padding: '8dp'
                size_hint: (1, 1) if root.fullscreen else (.8, None)
                height: self.height if root.fullscreen else self.minimum_height


BoxLayout:
    orientation: 'vertical'

    canvas.before:
        Color:
            rgb: .6, .6, .6
        Rectangle:
            size: self.size
            source: 'data/background.png'

    ActionBar:

        ActionView:
            id: av
            ActionPrevious:
                with_previous: (False if app.bool_menu == True else True) if not app.bool_menu else False
                title: 'Menu'
                on_release: app.go_menu()

            ActionSpinner:
                id: spnr
                important: True
                text: 'Select Program'
                values: app.screen_names
                on_text:
                    if (spnr.text != 'Select Program') and (sm.current != args[1]):
                    idx = app.screen_names.index(args[1]);
                    app.go_screen(idx)

    ScreenManager:
        id: sm
        on_current_screen:
            screen_name = args[1].name

            spnr.text = 'Select Program' if screen_name == 'Menu' else screen_name

            if screen_name == 'Menu': app.bool_menu = True
            else: app.bool_menu = False

解决方案

首先，你没有提到你是否知道如何按通常的方式设置不同的屏幕，我不确定我在上面的代码.如果您不这样做，这里有一个相当简单的教程来创建一个简单的多屏幕设置.

First of all, you haven't mentioned whether you know how to set up different screens the usual way, and I'm not sure that I see it in the code above. In case you don't, there is a fairly simple tutorial here on creating a simple multi-screen setup.

每个屏幕都是继承自 Screen 的类，只需在单独的 .py 文件中定义这些屏幕类，然后将它们导入到您的 main.py 文件中，这并不是一件难事.我以前做过.例如，我有我的 main.py(你需要它)，我在一个名为game_screen.py"的 py 文件中定义了我所有的各种屏幕，并从那里简单地导入.

Each screen being a class that inherits from Screen, it isn't a difficult thing to just define those screen classes in seperate .py files and then import them into your main.py file. I have done this before. For instance, I had my main.py(which you need), and I had all my various screens defined in a py file called 'game_screen.py', and simply imported from there.

我自己并没有看到过多使用多个 kv 文件，但我知道您可以使用与下面类似的代码将 kv 规则添加到您的主(默认)kv 文件规则中.尽管我相信这些规则必须在它们生效的小部件之前加载才能正常工作.

I haven't seen much use of multiple kv files myself, but I know you can add kv rules to your main(default) kv files rules using similar code to the below. Though these rules, I believe, must be loaded before the widgets they will effect in order to work correctly.

from kivy.lang import Builder
Builder.load_file('screen1.kv')
Builder.load_file('screen2.kv')
Builder.load_file('screen3.kv')

因此，通过将您的屏幕类导入您的 main.py 并使用上述添加 kv 文件的方法，您可能会实现您的要求......然后决定这是否是一个好方法.

So by importing your screen classes to your main.py and using the above method of adding kv files, you could probably achieve what you are asking for.. and then decide if that's a good way to go.

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