Greenplum数据库常用操作语句
Greenplum 大数据平台基于MPP（大规模并行处理）架构，具有良好的弹性和线性扩展能力，内置并行存储、并行通讯、并行计算和优化技术，兼容 SQL 标准，具备强大、高效、安全的PB级结构化、半结构化和非结构化数据存储、处理和实时分析能力一.创建表
创建表检查约束
CREATE TABLE products
( product_no integer,
name text,
price numeric CHECK (price > 0) );
创建非空约束
CREATE TABLE products
( product_no integer NOT NULL,
name text NOT NULL,
price numeric );
创建唯-一约束
CREATE TABLE products
( product_no integer UNIQUE,
name text,
price numeric)
DISTRIBUTED BY (product_no); 使用hash-distributed 必须为hash分布
主键约束，必须是hash分布
CREATE TABLE products
( product_no integer PRIMARY KEY,name text,
price numeric)
DISTRIBUTED BY (product_no);
创建append表
CREATE TABLE bar (a int, b text)
WITH (appendonly=true)
DISTRIBUTED BY (a);
创建列表
CREATE TABLE bar (a int, b text)
WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)
DISTRIBUTED BY (a);
创建压缩表 压缩级别从1到9，quicklz只有默认1的压缩级别
CREATE TABLE foo (a int, b text)
WITH (appendonly=true, compresstype=zlib,
compresslevel=5);
zlib，quicklz，RLE_TYPE 三种压缩格式
9级 1级 4级
查看压缩的函数
SELECT get_ao_distribution(‘lineitem_comp’);
数据块的大小从8192-2097152 但是必须以8k的倍数增长 eg：
C1 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536)
COLUMN C1 ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536)
DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz)
列压缩表
CREATE TABLE T1 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
c3 char)
WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column);
三种压缩列
CREATE TABLE T2 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
c3 char,
COLUMN c3 ENCODING (RLE_TYPE)
)
WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)
压缩分区
CEATE TABLE T3 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
c3 char,
COLUMN c3 ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE)
)
WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)
PARTITION BY RANGE (c3) (START (‘1900-01-01’::DATE)
END (‘2100-12-31’::DATE),
COLUMN c3 ENCODING (zlib));
创建表的时候，可以更改默认值
CREATE TABLE T4 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
c2 char,
c3 char,
c4 smallint ENCODING (compresstype=none),
DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz,
blocksize=65536),
COLUMN c3 ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE)
)
WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column);
多重分区形式
CREATE TABLE T5 (
i int,
j int,
k date,
DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (blocksize=1048576)
)
WITH (appendonly = true, rientation=column)
PARTITION BY RANGE(k)
SUBPARTITION BY LIST(j)
SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE
(PARTITION one_two VALUES(1, 2)
COLUMN j ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE),
PARTITION rest VALUES(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, …)
COLUMN j ENCODING (compresstype=zlib, compresslevel=9),
DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz)
)
(
START (date ‘2011-01-01’) END (date ‘2011-12-31’)
EVERY (interval ‘1 day’)
);
定义数据类型
CREATE TYPE comptype (
internallength = 4,
input = comptype_in,
output = comptype_out,
alignment = int4,
default = 123,
passedbyvalue,
compresstype=“quicklz”,
blocksize=65536,
compresslevel=1
);
调用数据类型创建表
CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 comptype)
WITH (APPENDONLY=true, RIENTATION=column);
二.修改表结构
修改表属性
ALTER TABLE address ALTER COLUMN street SET NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE sales SET DISTRIBUTED BY (customer_id);
ALTER TABLE sales SET DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY;
ALTER TABLE sales SET WITH (REORGANIZE=TRUE);
表存储，压缩，排列方式在创建表的时候已经定义完毕，不能更改，如需更改，需重新定义表结构
CREATE TABLE sales2 (LIKE sales)
WITH (appendonly=true, compresstype=quicklz, compresslevel=1, rientation=column);
INSERT INTO sales2 SELECT * FROM sales;
DROP TABLE sales;
ALTER TABLE sales2 RENAME TO sales;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sales TO admin;
GRANT SELECT ON sales TO guest;
增加表列
ALTER TABLE T1
ADD COLUMN c4 int DEFAULT 0
ENCODING (COMPRESSTYPE=zlib);
分区表的创建
(1).自动日期分区
CREATE TABLE sales (id int, date date, amt decimal(10,2))
DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
( START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE
EVERY (INTERVAL ‘1 day’) );
(2).创建按月分区
CREATE TABLE sales (id int, date date, amt decimal(10,2))
DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
( PARTITION Jan08 START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Feb08 START (date ‘2008-02-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Mar08 START (date ‘2008-03-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Apr08 START (date ‘2008-04-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION May08 START (date ‘2008-05-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Jun08 START (date ‘2008-06-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Jul08 START (date ‘2008-07-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Aug08 START (date ‘2008-08-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Sep08 START (date ‘2008-09-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Oct08 START (date ‘2008-10-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Nov08 START (date ‘2008-11-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
PARTITION Dec08 START (date ‘2008-12-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE );
(3).按年分区
CREATE TABLE rank (id int, rank int, year int, gender char(1), count int)
DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
PARTITION BY RANGE (year)
( START (2001) END (2008) EVERY (1),
DEFAULT PARTITION extra );
(4)列表分区
CREATE TABLE rank (id int, rank int, year int, gender char(1), count int )
DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
PARTITION BY LIST (gender)
( PARTITION girls VALUES (‘F’),
PARTITION boys VALUES (‘M’),
DEFAULT PARTITION other );
(5)范围，列表，时间分区
CREATE TABLE sales (trans_id int, date date, amount decimal(9,2), region text)
DISTRIBUTED BY (trans_id)
PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
SUBPARTITION BY LIST (region)
SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE
( SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’),
DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_regions)
START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE
EVERY (INTERVAL ‘1 month’),
DEFAULT PARTITION outlying_dates );
(6)年，月，时间，列表分区
CREATE TABLE sales (id int, year int, month int, day int, region text)
DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
PARTITION BY RANGE (year)
SUBPARTITION BY RANGE (month)
SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE (
START (1) END (13) EVERY (1),
DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_months )
SUBPARTITION BY LIST (region)
SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE (
SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’),
SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_regions )
( START (2002) END (2010) EVERY (1),
DEFAULT PARTITION outlying_years );
查看表的执行计划
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM sales WHERE date=‘01-07-08’ AND region=‘usa’;
增加表分区
ALTER TABLE sales ADD PARTITION
START (date ‘2009-02-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (date ‘2009-03-01’) EXCLUSIVE;
增加子分区
ALTER TABLE sales ADD PARTITION
START (date ‘2009-02-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (date ‘2009-03-01’) EXCLUSIVE
( SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’) );
修改表名字
ALTER TABLE sales RENAME TO globalsales;
修改分区表名
ALTER TABLE sales RENAME PARTITION FOR (‘2008-01-01’) TO jan08;
增加默认分区
ALTER TABLE sales ADD DEFAULT PARTITION other;
删除分区==(删除个分区)==
ALTER TABLE sales DROP PARTITION FOR (RANK(1));
删除表分区数据==(只会删除个分区中的数据)==
ALTER TABLE sales TRUNCATE PARTITION FOR (RANK(1));
分裂分区
ALTER TABLE sales SPLIT PARTITION FOR (‘2008-01-01’)
AT (‘2008-01-16’)
INTO (PARTITION jan081to15, PARTITION jan0816to31);
分裂默认分区
ALTER TABLE sales SPLIT DEFAULT PARTITION
ART (‘2009-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
END (‘2009-02-01’) EXCLUSIVE
INTO (PARTITION jan09, default partition);
创建序列
CREATE SEQUENCE myserial START 101;
INSERT INTO vendors VALUES (nextval(‘myserial’), ‘acme’);
设置序列
SELECT setval(‘myserial’, 201);
ALTER SEQUENCE myserial RESTART WITH 105;
查看当前序列，greenplum不存在currval，lastval的函数
SELECT * FROM myserial;
删除序列
DROP SEQUENCE myserial;
参考官方文档：https://greenplum.cn/docs/ref_guide/sql_commands/ALTER_TABLE.html
本文来源：https://blog.csdn.net/I_Demo/article/details/97392608
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