何时或为什么在 Python 中使用相对导入

2022-01-13 00:00:00 python module package import

问题描述

是否有任何关于何时在 Python 中使用相对导入的规则或指南?我一直在使用它们,就像在 Flask Web 框架中一样.在搜索这个主题时,我只看到有关如何使用相对导入的文章,而没有看到为什么.

Is there any rules or guidelines concerning when to use relative imports in Python? I see them in use all the time like in the Flask web framework. When searching for this topic, I only see articles on how to use relative imports, but not why.

那么使用有什么特别的好处:

So is there some special benefit to using:

from . import x

而不是:

from package import x

此外,我注意到相关的 SO 帖子 提到不鼓励相对导入.然而人们仍在继续使用它们.

Moreover, I noticed that a related SO post mentions that relative imports are discouraged. Yet people still continue to use them.


解决方案

查看 PEP 328 关于相对进口的部分

理由似乎是这样写的:

展示了几个用例,其中最重要的是能够重新排列大型包的结构,而无需编辑子包.此外,包内的模块在没有相对导入的情况下无法轻松导入自身.

Several use cases were presented, the most important of which is being able to rearrange the structure of large packages without having to edit sub-packages. In addition, a module inside a package can't easily import itself without relative imports.

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