使用多处理时出现 PicklingError

My code, where the objective is to simulate a vector of Normal r.v's with the use of multiple cores. Note that this is just an example and maybe it does not even payoff to run on multiple cores.

import multiprocessing as mp
import scipy as sp
import scipy.stats as spstat

def parfor(func, args, static_arg = None, nWorkers = 8, chunksize = None):
    """
    Purpose: Evaluate function using Multiple cores.

    Input:
        func       - Function to evaluate in parallel
        arg        - Array of arguments to evaluate func(arg)  
        static_arg - The "static" argument (if any), i.e. the variables that are      constant in the evaluation of func.
        nWorkers   - Number of Workers to process computations.
    Output:
        func(i, static_arg) for i in args.
    
    """
    # Prepare arguments for func: Collect arguments with static argument (if any)
    if static_arg != None:
        arguments = [[arg] + static_arg for arg in list(args)]
    else:
        arguments = args
    
    # Initialize workers
    pool = mp.Pool(processes = nWorkers) 

    # Evaluate function
    result = pool.map_async(func, arguments, chunksize = chunksize)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

    return sp.array(result.get()).flatten() 

# First test-function. Freeze location and scale for the Normal random variates generator.
# This returns a function that is a method of the class Norm_gen. Methods cannot be pickled
# so this will give an error.
def genNorm(loc, scale):
    def subfunc(a):
        return spstat.norm.rvs(loc = loc, scale = scale, size = a)
    return subfunc

# Second test-function. The same as above but does not return a method of a class. This is a "plain" function and can be 
# pickled
def test(fargs):
    x, a, b = fargs
    return spstat.norm.rvs(size = x, loc = a, scale = b)

# Try it out.
N = 1000000

# Set arguments to function. args1 = [1, 1, 1,... ,1], the purpose is just to generate a random variable of size 1 for each 
# element in the output vector.
args1 = sp.ones(N)
static_arg = [0, 1] # standarized normal.

# This gives the PicklingError
func = genNorm(*static_arg)
sim = parfor(func, args1, static_arg = None, nWorkers = 12, chunksize = None)

# This is OK:
func = test
sim = parfor(func, args1, static_arg = static_arg, nWorkers = 12, chunksize = None)

按照 不能腌制<输入'instancemethod'>在使用多处理 Pool.map() 时，Steven Bethard(几乎在最后)建议使用 copy_reg 模块.他的代码是:

def _pickle_method(method):
    func_name = method.im_func.__name__
    obj = method.im_self
    cls = method.im_class
    return _unpickle_method, (func_name, obj, cls)

def _unpickle_method(func_name, obj, cls):
    for cls in cls.mro():
        try:
            func = cls.__dict__[func_name]
        except KeyError:
            pass
        else:
            break
    return func.__get__(obj, cls)

import copy_reg
import types

copy_reg.pickle(types.MethodType, _pickle_method, _unpickle_method)

import types

def target(object, *args, **kw):
    method_name = args[0]
    return getattr(object, method_name)(*args[1:])
(...)    
#And add these 3 lines prior to your map_async call:


    # Evaluate function
    if isinstance (func, types.MethodType):
        arguments.insert(0, func.__name__)
        func = target
    result = pool.map_async(func, arguments, chunksize = chunksize)