如何使用 python Tornado 服务器在请求中最好地执行多处理?

multi_tornado.py (sample server):

import time
import threading
import multiprocessing
import math

from tornado.web import RequestHandler, Application, asynchronous
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop


# run in some other process - put result in q
def heavy_lifting(q):
    t0 = time.time()
    for k in range(2000):
        math.factorial(k)

    t = time.time()
    q.put(t - t0)  # report time to compute in queue


class FastHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        res = 'fast result ' + self.get_argument('id')
        print res
        self.write(res)
        self.flush()


class MultiThreadedHandler(RequestHandler):
    # Note:  This handler can be called with threaded = True or False
    def initialize(self, threaded=True):
        self._threaded = threaded
        self._q = multiprocessing.Queue()

    def start_process(self, worker, callback):
        # method to start process and watcher thread
        self._callback = callback

        if self._threaded:
            # launch process
            multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(self._q,)).start()

            # start watching for process to finish
            threading.Thread(target=self._watcher).start()

        else:
            # threaded = False just call directly and block
            worker(self._q)
            self._watcher()

    def _watcher(self):
        # watches the queue for process result
        while self._q.empty():
            time.sleep(0)  # relinquish control if not ready

        # put callback back into the ioloop so we can finish request
        response = self._q.get(False)
        IOLoop.instance().add_callback(lambda: self._callback(response))


class SlowHandler(MultiThreadedHandler):
    @asynchronous
    def get(self):
        # start a thread to watch for
        self.start_process(heavy_lifting, self._on_response)

    def _on_response(self, delta):
        _id = self.get_argument('id')
        res = 'slow result {} <--- {:0.3f} s'.format(_id, delta)
        print res
        self.write(res)
        self.flush()
        self.finish()   # be sure to finish request


application = Application([
    (r"/fast", FastHandler),
    (r"/slow", SlowHandler, dict(threaded=False)),
    (r"/slow_threaded", SlowHandler, dict(threaded=True)),
])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    IOLoop.instance().start()

call_multi.py(客户端测试人员):

import sys
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from tornado import httpclient


def run(slow):
    def show_response(res):
        print res.body

    # make 3 "slow" requests on server
    requests = []
    for k in xrange(3):
        uri = 'http://localhost:8888/{}?id={}'
        requests.append(uri.format(slow, str(k + 1)))

    # followed by 20 "fast" requests
    for k in xrange(20):
        uri = 'http://localhost:8888/fast?id={}'
        requests.append(uri.format(k + 1))

    # show results as they return
    http_client = httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()

    print 'Scheduling Get Requests:'
    print '------------------------'
    for req in requests:
        print req
        http_client.fetch(req, show_response)

    # execute requests on server
    print '
Start sending requests....'
    IOLoop.instance().start()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    scenario = sys.argv[1]

    if scenario == 'slow' or scenario == 'slow_threaded':
        run(scenario)

Scheduling Get Requests:
------------------------
http://localhost:8888/slow?id=1
http://localhost:8888/slow?id=2
http://localhost:8888/slow?id=3
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=1
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=2
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=3
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=4
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=5
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=6
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=7
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=8
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=9
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=10
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=11
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=12
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=13
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=14
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=15
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=16
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=17
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=18
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=19
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=20

Start sending requests....
slow result 1 <--- 1.338 s
fast result 1
fast result 2
fast result 3
fast result 4
fast result 5
fast result 6
fast result 7
slow result 2 <--- 1.169 s
slow result 3 <--- 1.130 s
fast result 8
fast result 9
fast result 10
fast result 11
fast result 13
fast result 12
fast result 14
fast result 15
fast result 16
fast result 18
fast result 17
fast result 19
fast result 20

Scheduling Get Requests:
------------------------
http://localhost:8888/slow_threaded?id=1
http://localhost:8888/slow_threaded?id=2
http://localhost:8888/slow_threaded?id=3
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=1
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=2
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=3
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=4
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=5
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=6
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=7
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=8
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=9
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=10
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=11
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=12
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=13
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=14
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=15
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=16
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=17
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=18
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=19
http://localhost:8888/fast?id=20

Start sending requests....
fast result 1
fast result 2
fast result 3
fast result 4
fast result 5
fast result 6
fast result 7
fast result 8
fast result 9
fast result 10
fast result 11
fast result 12
fast result 13
fast result 14
fast result 15
fast result 19
fast result 20
fast result 17
fast result 16
fast result 18
slow result 2 <--- 2.485 s
slow result 3 <--- 2.491 s
slow result 1 <--- 2.517 s

import time
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from tornado import gen

def f(a, b, c, blah=None):
    print "got %s %s %s and %s" % (a, b, c, blah)
    time.sleep(5)
    return "hey there"

@gen.coroutine
def test_it():
    pool = ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
    fut = pool.submit(f, 1, 2, 3, blah="ok")  # This returns a concurrent.futures.Future
    print("running it asynchronously")
    ret = yield fut
    print("it returned %s" % ret)
    pool.shutdown()

IOLoop.instance().run_sync(test_it)

running it asynchronously
got 1 2 3 and ok
it returned hey there