大数据之Hive安装配置
hive默认将元数据存储到本地内嵌的Derby数据库中，但是Derby不支持多会话链接，因此我们使用mysql数据库来存储hive的元数据。配置完成hiveSQL的元数据库之后再开始安装、配置hive。
1、在线安装mysql
安装命令为
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
当出现下面提示选择的时候输入y 同意继续安装
hduser@master:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic
linux-headers-4.13.0-41 linux-headers-4.13.0-41-generic
linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-41-generic
linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-41-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7
mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
Suggested packages:
libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7
mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.7
mysql-server-core-5.7
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 101 not upgraded.
Need to get 18.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 161 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
然后安装继续执行，输出如下内容，完成安装。中间会有让设置root密码提示，输入密码按向下的方向键确认，然后再输入一次确认密码
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [15.4 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-2 [6,356 B]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [6,425 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [1,673 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [7,268 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libevent-core-2.0-5 amd64 2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1 [70.6 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [2,583 kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.95-2 [60.4 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [10.8 kB]
Fetched 18.1 MB in 1min 56s (155 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 285825 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libevent-core-2.0-5_2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.
(Reading database ... 285993 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-template-perl_2.95-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
使用如下命令登录MySQL服务器。在提示输入密码的地方输入刚才设置的root密码
hduser@master:/etc/network$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2、在Mysql中创建hive元数据数据库
创建hive数据库
mysql> create database hive;
将hive数据库的所有权限赋给hive用户
mysql> create user 'hive'@'%' identified by 'hive';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' with grant option;
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql> use hive;
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
注：在ubuntu中，默认情况下MySQL只允许本底登陆，所以需要修改配置文件将地址绑定注释掉
sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #注释掉
3、安装hive
下载新稳定版hive
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz
上传到master节点的/home/hduser/Downloads目录下
解压
tar -zxvf Downloads/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz
更改安装文件名称
hduser@master:~$ mv apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/ ./hive
hduser@master:~$
配置用户环境变量
vim ~/.bashrc
在文件末尾添加如下内容
#HIVE
export HIVE_HOME=/home/hduser/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
后重新导入环境变量
source ~/.bashrc
注：通过source方法只是临时重置了系统环境变量，若想系统环境变量生效重启是不错的方法
4、配置hive参数
配置hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<!--指定元数据库连接信息-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://master:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<!--指定元数据库连接驱动程序主类-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<!--指定元数据库用户名-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<!--指定元数据库用户密码-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
</configuration>
我们也可指定某个文件夹来存放元数据
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
下载mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz，下载链接为
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz
将其解压后在文件夹中选择mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar上传到master节点的/home/hduser/Downloads目录下。后将JDBC文件放到hive的lib文件夹内即可。
5、启动hive
Hive数据存储到HDFS上，因此要先启动hadoop
start-all.sh
格式化hive
schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
启动hive命令行
hive
HiveSQL的优点是学习成本低，可以通过类似SQL语句实现快速MapReduce统计，使MapReduce变得更加简单，而不必开发专门的MapReduce应用程序。hive是十分适合数据仓库的统计分析和Windows注册表文件。
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