使用 dateutil.parser 解析另一种语言的日期

2022-01-11 00:00:00 python date internationalization python-dateutil localization

问题描述

Dateutil 是解析字符串格式日期的好工具.例如

Dateutil is a great tool for parsing dates in string format. for example 

from dateutil.parser import parse
parse("Tue, 01 Oct 2013 14:26:00 -0300")

返回

datetime.datetime(2013, 10, 1, 14, 26, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, -10800))

然而，

parse("Ter, 01 Out 2013 14:26:00 -0300") # In portuguese

产生此错误:

ValueError: unknown string format

有人知道如何让 dateutil 了解语言环境吗?

Does anybody know how to make dateutil aware of the locale?

解决方案

据我所知，dateutil 不支持区域设置(还没有！).

As far as I can see, dateutil is not locale aware (yet!).

我能想到三个替代建议:

I can think of three alternative suggestions:

  • 日期和月份名称在 dateutil.parser 中硬编码(作为 parserinfo 类的一部分).您可以将 parserinfo 子类化，并将这些名称替换为葡萄牙语的适当名称.

  • The day and month names are hardcoded in dateutil.parser (as part of the parserinfo class). You could subclass parserinfo, and replace these names with the appropriate names for Portuguese.

修改 dateutil 以根据用户的区域设置获取日期和月份名称.所以你可以做类似的事情

Modify dateutil to get day and month names based on the user’s locale. So you could do something like

import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "pt_PT")

from dateutil.parser import parse
parse("Ter, 01 Out 2013 14:26:00 -0300")

我已经启动了一个分支，它从 calendar 模块(可识别区域设置)中获取名称来处理这个问题:https://github.com/alexwlchan/dateutil

I’ve started a fork which gets the names from the calendar module (which is locale-aware) to work on this: https://github.com/alexwlchan/dateutil

现在它适用于葡萄牙语(或似乎适用)，但我想在向主分支提交补丁之前再考虑一下.特别是，如果它面对西欧语言中没有使用的字符，可能会发生怪异.我还没有测试过这个.(参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/8917539/1558022)

Right now it works for Portuguese (or seems to), but I want to think about it a bit more before I submit a patch to the main branch. In particular, weirdness may happen if it faces characters which aren’t used in Western European languages. I haven’t tested this yet. (See https://stackoverflow.com/a/8917539/1558022)

如果你没有绑定到 dateutil 模块，你可以使用 datetime 代替，它已经是语言环境感知的:

If you’re not tied to the dateutil module, you could use datetime instead, which is already locale-aware:

from datetime import datetime, date
import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "pt_PT")
datetime.strptime("Ter, 01 Out 2013 14:26:00 -0300",
                  "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z")

(请注意，%z 令牌在日期时间中始终不受支持.)

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