如何获取 Python 中两个 xml 标签之间的全部内容?

2022-01-10 00:00:00 python xml xml-parsing lxml

问题描述

我尝试获取打开的 xml 标记和它的关闭对应项之间的全部内容.

I try to get the whole content between an opening xml tag and it's closing counterpart.

像下面的 title 这样直接获取内容很容易，但是如果 mixed-content 被使用，我想保留内部标签?

Getting the content in straight cases like title below is easy, but how can I get the whole content between the tags if mixed-content is used and I want to preserve the inner tags?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<review>
  <title>Some testing stuff</title>
  <text sometimes="attribute">Some text with <extradata>data</extradata> in it.
  It spans <sometag>multiple lines: <tag>one</tag>, <tag>two</tag> 
  or more</sometag>.</text>
</review>

我想要的是两个text标签之间的内容，包括任何标签:Some text with <extradata>data</extradata>在里面.它跨越<sometag>多行:<tag>one</tag>、<tag>two</tag>或更多</sometag>.

现在我使用正则表达式，但它有点乱，我不喜欢这种方法.我倾向于基于 XML 解析器的解决方案.我查看了 minidom、etree、lxml 和 BeautifulSoup，但找不到适合这种情况的解决方案(整个内容，包括内部标签).

For now I use regular expressions but it get's kinda messy and I don't like this approach. I lean towards a XML parser based solution. I looked over minidom, etree, lxml and BeautifulSoup but couldn't find a solution for this case (whole content, including inner tags).

解决方案

from lxml import etree
t = etree.XML(
"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<review>
  <title>Some testing stuff</title>
  <text>Some text with <extradata>data</extradata> in it.</text>
</review>"""
)
(t.text + ''.join(map(etree.tostring, t))).strip()

这里的诀窍是 t 是可迭代的，并且在迭代时会产生所有子节点.因为etree避免了文本节点，所以还需要恢复第一个子标签之前的文本，用t.text.

The trick here is that t is iterable, and when iterated, yields all child nodes. Because etree avoids text nodes, you also need to recover the text before the first child tag, with t.text.

In [50]: (t.text + ''.join(map(etree.tostring, t))).strip()
Out[50]: '<title>Some testing stuff</title>
  <text>Some text with <extradata>data</extradata> in it.</text>'

或者:

In [6]: e = t.xpath('//text')[0]

In [7]: (e.text + ''.join(map(etree.tostring, e))).strip()
Out[7]: 'Some text with <extradata>data</extradata> in it.'

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