允许在迭代期间删除的自定义字典

As you note, you can store the items to delete somewhere and defer the deletion of them until later. The problem then becomes when to purge them and how to make sure that the purge method eventually gets called. The answer to this is a context manager which is also a subclass of dict.

class dd_dict(dict):    # the dd is for "deferred delete"
    _deletes = None
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        if key not in self:
            raise KeyError(str(key))
        dict.__delitem__(self, key) if self._deletes is None else self._deletes.add(key)
    def __enter__(self):
        self._deletes = set()
    def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
        for key in self._deletes:
            try:
                dict.__delitem__(self, key)
            except KeyError:
                pass
        self._deletes = None

用法:

# make the dict and do whatever to it
ddd = dd_dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)

# now iterate over it, deferring deletes
with ddd:
    for k, v in ddd.iteritems():
        if k is "a":
            del ddd[k]
            print ddd     # shows that "a" is still there

print ddd                 # shows that "a" has been deleted

如果您不在 with 块中，当然，删除是立即的；由于这是一个 dict 子类，它的工作方式与上下文管理器之外的常规 dict 一样.

class deferring_delete(object):
    def __init__(self, d):
        self._dict = d
    def __enter__(self):
        self._deletes = set()
        return self
    def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
        for key in self._deletes:
            try:
                del self._dict[key]
            except KeyError:
                pass
        del self._deletes
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        if key not in self._dict:
            raise KeyError(str(key))
        self._deletes.add(key)

d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)

with deferring_delete(d) as dd:
    for k, v in d.iteritems():
        if k is "a":
            del dd[k]    # delete through wrapper

print d