如何使用小数范围()步长值?

2022-01-09 00:00:00 python floating-point range

问题描述

有没有办法在 0 和 1 之间步进 0.1?

Is there a way to step between 0 and 1 by 0.1?

我以为我可以这样做，但它失败了:

I thought I could do it like the following, but it failed:

for i in range(0, 1, 0.1):
    print i

相反，它说 step 参数不能为零，这是我没想到的.

Instead, it says that the step argument cannot be zero, which I did not expect.

解决方案

比起直接使用小数步长，用你想要的点数来表达要安全得多.否则，浮点舍入错误很可能会给你一个错误的结果.

Rather than using a decimal step directly, it's much safer to express this in terms of how many points you want. Otherwise, floating-point rounding error is likely to give you a wrong result.

您可以使用 linspace 函数NumPy 库(它不是标准库的一部分，但相对容易获得).linspace 需要返回多个点，还可以让您指定是否包含正确的端点:

You can use the linspace function from the NumPy library (which isn't part of the standard library but is relatively easy to obtain). linspace takes a number of points to return, and also lets you specify whether or not to include the right endpoint:

>>> np.linspace(0,1,11)
array([ 0. ,  0.1,  0.2,  0.3,  0.4,  0.5,  0.6,  0.7,  0.8,  0.9,  1. ])
>>> np.linspace(0,1,10,endpoint=False)
array([ 0. ,  0.1,  0.2,  0.3,  0.4,  0.5,  0.6,  0.7,  0.8,  0.9])

如果你真的想使用浮点步进值，你可以使用 numpy.arange.

If you really want to use a floating-point step value, you can, with numpy.arange.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.arange(0.0, 1.0, 0.1)
array([ 0. ,  0.1,  0.2,  0.3,  0.4,  0.5,  0.6,  0.7,  0.8,  0.9])

浮点舍入误差会导致问题.这是一个简单的例子，其中舍入错误导致 arange 在它应该只产生 3 个数字时产生一个长度为 4 的数组:

Floating-point rounding error will cause problems, though. Here's a simple case where rounding error causes arange to produce a length-4 array when it should only produce 3 numbers:

>>> numpy.arange(1, 1.3, 0.1)
array([1. , 1.1, 1.2, 1.3])

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